Objective: The authors aimed to test the effect of a therapeutic ketogenic diet (KD) on the psychotic condition, body composition and metabolic dysfunction in schizophrenic patients, as well as to report the compliance with the diet.Method: Two Ecuadorian schizophrenic patients' male and female (twins) aged 22, were included in a six-week controlled-blinded pilot study under the therapeutic KD. Compliance was determined by daily urine measurements (commercially available ketone strips). Body composition was analyzed using bio-impedance (Tanita SC-331S) and the clinical outcomes were assessed by blood, urine and electrocardiogram analysis. The psychiatry condition was evaluated by the PANSS scale and, a two weeks follow-up after intervention was conducted to evaluate patients' health condition.Results: During intervention, after ~15 days of ketosis, PANSS scores decreased in both female (97 to 91) and male (82 to 75) patients. Body fat decreased from 24.5% to 19.8% and 21.7% to 16.8%, respectively. Interestingly, after the third week of the intervention, male patient' liver enzymes were downregulated to normal levels (AST=0-40 U/L & ALT=0-41 U/L). No other significant clinical outcomes were observed during the study. Of relevance, both patients broke the KD in several occasions. Conclusions:The present research showed that a short-time ketogenic diet (KD) has positive effects in the psychiatric condition, metabolic dysfunction and body composition of young schizophrenia patients; suggesting the need of a clinical trial to corroborate its use as a co-treatment.

Politikberatung ist ein Phänomen des politischen Alltags, wenngleich sie sich begrifflich immer schwerer fassen lässt. 1 Verändert sich die politische Wirklichkeit, so kann dies für Politikberatung nicht folgenlos bleiben. Empirisch beobachten wir in Deutschland seit Ende der 1990er Jahre nicht nur eine wieder auflebende Diskussion um Rolle und Bedeutung von Politikberatung. Wir erleben vielmehr eine verstärkte, sich an vermeintlichen oder tatsächlichen Skandalen entzündende Medienberichterstattung über Beratung, die Zunahme von Akteuren, die sich als Politikberater verstehen, und nicht zuletzt den Aufbau von Studiengängen und Hochschulen, die auf Tätigkeiten rund um Politikvermittlung, Administration, Management, Beratung und internationale Organisationen vorbereiten wollen.Auch wenn die Politikwissenschaft hier in verschiedenen Formen, vor allem durch die jüngste Welle von neuen Governance-Schools oder neuen Studiengängen, 2 beteiligt

How cortical network activity processes information is of importance to a large number of basic and clinical scientific questions. The protocol described here identifies the basic building blocks of this circuitry. The in-depth studies of cortical regions will ultimately provide other scientists with the circuit components needed for an understanding of how the brain acquires, processes and stores information and what goes wrong in disease, while the electrophysiological and morphological data are widely used by computational neuroscientists in the construction of model networks that explore information processing. The protocol outlined here describes how biocytin-filled cells recorded in the CA2 region of the hippocampus are recovered and then reconstructed in 3D. Additionally, the protocol describes the demonstration of calcium binding protein or peptide content in recorded interneurons.

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