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Heavy metal pollution of aquatic ecosystems is worldwide problem with consequences on the aquatic organisms. The concentrations of selected heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb) were determined in liver, kidney, gills, muscle and bone of barbel (Barbus rebeli) and chub (Squalius squalius) from the river Crn Drim in Macedonia. In general, liver and kidney in both fish species contained the highest concentration of the investigated metals, while muscle showed lowest bioaccumulation of heavy metals. Analyses supported significant seasonal differences in some organs for some metals: highest value in spring-summer compared to autumn-winter period. Generally, metal concentration was higher in the barbel than chub. The concentration of metals in muscle are bellow permissible value and do not constitute any threat for human health due to the consumption of metal loaded fish.
We studied the influence of heat acclimation (1 to 48 h and 4 to 60 d at 35 +/- 1 degrees C) on certain hepatic carbohydrate-related enzymes and substrates in rats. The results showed a decrease of liver glycogen content and GPho-ase a activity during the period of short-term exposure, followed by normalization to the control level and stabilization to the new level in the period of long-term heat acclimation. Conversely, G-6-P-ase and F-1,6-BP-ase activities increased during the short-term period, followed by a decrease and stabilization to a new, lower level in the prolonged acclimation. The blood glucose level decreased during whole period of acclimation, whereas intermediate substrates increased during the short-term and stabilized at a new, higher level during prolonged acclimation. The time-dependent changes of duration of heat acclimation could be summarized in three phases: short-term heat exposure (1 to 24 h) with intensive glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis to glucose; a period with temporary changes (24 h to 7 d) with tendency of normalization to control level, and prolonged heat acclimation (7 d to 60 d), which favors both direct and indirect glycogen synthesis.
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