The global trend shows that the use of permanent contraception to prevent unintended pregnancy is high. Although the trend also shows a rise in the use of long-acting reversible methods, these are still underutilized despite having contraceptive as well as non-contraceptive benefits. Lack of knowledge among women, dependence on the provider for information, and provider bias for permanent contraception are cited as reasons for this reduced uptake. Training of healthcare providers and increased patient awareness about the effectiveness of long-acting reversible contraceptive methods will increase their uptake and help prevent unintended pregnancies.

Menopause has an adverse impact on overall musculoskeletal health. It is associated with osteoporosis, osteoarthritis and Sarcopenia. Sarcopenia includes age-related muscle wasting as well as loss of muscle function. It is a relatively newly recognized condition and is known to be accelerated by estrogen deficiency. Osteoarthritis is also linked with estrogen deficiency more recently. Locomotor disability leads to a compromised quality of life. Sarcopenia and obesity (sarcobesity) have adverse outcome as it leads to morbidity due to increased incidence of lifestyle diseases like diabetes mellitus, hypertension. Poor musculoskeletal health may progress to frailty and higher incidence of falls and fractures which further increase associated morbidity and mortality. The healthcare providers and policy makers need to focus on this group of disorders and include its prevention in national program to reduce the health resources utilization.

It is really disheartening when your paper gets rejected by a journal. Authors work very hard to conduct research. They present their work in the form of platform presentation in a conference and/or as a research article for publication. When their platform presentations get applauded by the audience, researchers feel encouraged to publish it. However, it may not be appreciated by editors and reviewers when the research is submitted to a journal for publication. One should not get disappointed by rejections. Most top journals have almost 80% rejection rates. This editorial will take a brief review of reasons for rejection and advise how to deal with rejections.

Thyroid disorders in pregnancy are important causes of adverse pregnancy outcome. So it is very pertinent that thyroid function is maintained in normal range during pregnancy. Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) value is the best indicator for assessing and monitoring thyroid function. The increasing metabolic demands of pregnancy alter the thyroid physiology in early pregnancy; hence, it becomes necessary to define trimester-specific reference range. Several reports and guidelines have been published recommending varied TSH cutoffs in different studies. The most significant guidelines which created controversy about TSH cutoffs was that of American Thyroid Association (ATA) (Stagnaro-Green et al. in Thyroid 21:1081-1125 followed by Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline (De Groot et al. in J Clin Endocrinol 97:2543-2565, 2012. Both these gave stricter TSH cutoffs as .1 to 2.5 mIU/L in first trimester, .2 to 3.0 mIU/L in second trimester and .3 to 3 mIU/L in third trimester. Subsequently many reports, meta-analysis and systematic reviews were published which recommended higher cutoffs. With due consideration, ATA revised the guidelines in 2017, recommending the upper cutoff limit .5 mIU/L less than the preconception TSH value or as 4.0 mIU/L when local population-specific reference range is not available (Alexander et al. Thyroid 27(3):315-389, 2017). The controversy is not yet completely resolved specially regarding management of subclinical hypothyroidism. This editorial addresses this ongoing controversy.Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Plagiarism is a serious form of scientific misconduct. Literal meaning of the Latin word ''to Plagiare'' is ''to steal or to kidnap''. The act of taking the writings of another person and passing them off as one's own is plagiarism. It implies intellectual theft in the world of medical writing. The ''copy and paste'' culture is becoming rampant all over the world after the advent of electronic publications, and Indian medical literature is no exception. This editorial will enlighten aspiring authors and readers about various forms of plagiarism and reasons for engaging in plagiarism. More so, it will also elaborate on how to prevent and cure this plague. Possible consequences that authors may face on detection of the plagiarism are also discussed. I am concluding my editorial series on medical writing with this last editorial of the year. I sincerely hope that these editorials helped authors and readers and this

Amniotic fluid index values differ in different populations. We standardized the reference values for normal AFI in Indian women. We found that they are lower in the population studied compared with reported values in the Caucasian population, but slightly higher than the Chinese population.

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Post-reproductive health is a challenging issue as it is surrounded by many controversies. Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) has witnessed a rise and fall over last several years. We do understand that comorbidities incidence rises beyond menopause and we need to prevent them. When MHT was used universally, the risk-benefit ratio became unfavorable. Hence, the use of MHT dropped drastically. But newer studies have introduced the concept of window of opportunity, wherein MHT does not have harmful effects, but in fact it will prevent comorbidities associated with menopause. This editorial focuses on the prevention of menopause-and MHT-related comorbidities.