In a new commercial commodity aquaculture, tropical freshwater crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus, it is known that female has a slower growth rate than male. One way to increase production rate is through monosex cultures comprising all-male population by using genital reversion technique. This biotechnology method can be applied by using hormones and natural products. The natural hormones extracted from gamma sea cucumber, Stichopus variegatus has bioactive substances including steroid compounds, while honey bee contains chrysin compounds that act as aromatase inhibitors. Therefore, the combination of both substances expected can increase in testosterone level and accelerate production in the male monosex population of juvenile crayfish. The purpose of the study is to determine the most effective dose of honey bee in masculinization of juvenile freshwater crayfish combined with 2 mg. L−1 steroid extract of gamma sea cucumber. Furthermore, a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was designed in the experiment with five different dose of honey bee treatment and dipping method in 2 mg. L−1 steroid extract of gamma sea cucumber for 18 h. Each treatment with four replications. The highest male formation was found in the dose of 20 ml. L− 1 honey bee at 83.75% and the lowest was in control. The present of honey bee at different doses in 2 mg. L−1 of gamma steroid extract did not significantly give an effect on percentage of female, intersex formation, survival, and growth rate of juvenile redclaw crayfish.
The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of an Asian diet compared to a Western diet on sperm numbers and quality, and serum hormones in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) injected with testosterone enanthate (TE) plus depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA). Thirty male monkeys were divided into three groups of ten animals each. The first group (control) was fed with standard diet 'monkey chow' (9% fat, 13% protein, 78% carbohydrate); the second group was fed an 'asian' diet (15% fat, 15% protein, 70% carbohydrate); the third group was fed a 'Western' diet (35% fat, 25% protein, 40% carbohydrate). These diets were administered from the beginning (adaptation) until the experiment was terminated. Three months after the adaptation period, all groups were injected with 20 mg TE (once per week) and 25 mg DMPA (once every 6 weeks) for 18 weeks, while TE injections were continued for another 6 weeks. There were no differences in sperm numbers and quality, or in hormone levels between the first and second groups. In both of these groups azoospermia was achieved in 100% of animals, while in the third group only 70% achieved azoospermia. In all 3 groups, spermatozoa were once again detectable by week 33. However, by the end of the study at week 39, sperm numbers in the first and second groups reached only severe oligozoospermia (two animals remained azoospermic in the first group) while in the third group, numbers had returned to normozoospermia. The quality of spermatozoa during and after the treatment in the third group was better than in the first and second groups. Hormone concentrations decreased more rapidly in both the first and second groups, compared to the third group, while the recovery period was slower in the first and second groups, compared to the third group. It is concluded that different formula diets result in differential decreases in sperm numbers and quality, and in hormone concentrations in M. fascicularis injected with TE in combination with DMPA. Animals fed with either monkey chow or an Asian diet exhibited more severe and prolonged decreases in these parameters than did animals fed with a Western diet.
Cancer is a disease that is characterized by the existence of damage and cell abnormality in growth and differentiation. Liver cancer is a disorder of hepar tissue derivated from its tumors. Taurine is known as antioxidant but its role as anticancer needs to be explored more as well the role of Annona muricata leaf extract which is believed to have its role as anticancer substance. This research, therefore, aimed to explore the effect of taurine and Annona muricata leaf extract on the hepar histopathology of male mice (Mus musculus) induced by benzo(α)pyren in vivo. This research was carried out by using a complete randomized design, which consisted of 5 treatment groups which was repeated 5 times. Group I was given 0.2 mL corn oil for 15 days, group II was induced by benzo(α)pyren without taurin nor A. Muricata leaf extract for 10 days, group III was given 7.8 mg taurine/BW/day (twice a day) starting from the 15 th days before the induction of benzo(α)pyren, group IV, after induced with benzo(α)pyren, taurine was given with dosage of 7.8 mg/BW/day, group V, after induced with benzo(α)pyren, soursop leaf extract was given with amount of 277.8 mg/BW/day. Data analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test and one way ANOVA with Fisher test (p>0.05). The results indicated that taurine had ability to recover the liver tissue induced by benzo(α)pyren as (carcinogenic) while, Annona muricata leaf extract had not shown any recover of tissue damage. ABSTRAKKanker merupakan suatu penyakit yang ditandai dengan adanya kerusakan dan ketidaknormalan sel dalam mengatur pertumbuhan dan diferensiasinya. Kanker hati adalah gangguan pada hepar yang berawal dari tumor hepar. Taurin diketahui sebagai senyawa antioksidan, namun perannya dalam antikanker perlu dieksplorasi lebih jauh, demikian pula dengan ekstrak daun sirsak yang telah diminati oleh masyarakat sebagai bahan antikanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran senyawa taurin dan ekstrak daun sirsak terhadap gambaran histopatologi hepar mencit (Mus musculus) yang diinduksi benzo(α)piren secara in vivo. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 5 kelompok perlakuan dengan masing-masing memiliki 5 ulangan, Kelompok I diberi 0,2 mL minyak jagung selama 15 hari, kelompok II diinduksi dengan benzo(α)piren tanpa pemberian bahan uji selama 10 hari, kelompok III pemberian taurin 7,8 mg/BB/hari (2 kali/hari) sejak 15 hari sebelum induksi benzo(α)piren), kelompok IV diinduksi benzo(α)piren dan dilanjutkan dengan pemberian taurin dosis 7,8 mg/BB/hari (2 kali/hari), kelompok V diinduksi benzo(α)piren, dilanjutkan pemberian daun sirsak dosis 277,8 mg/BB/hari. Data dianalisis dengan metode statistik menggunakan uji ANOVA satu arah
Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.), known as the king of spices, proven to contain various types of active substances that are allegedly beneficial to the human body functions including sexual function. This study was conducted to determine whether black pepper extract can be used to improve sexual function in male subjects. Thirty six healthy male mice, four months old, weighing between 25-30 g, were used as experimental animals and grouped into four. The first one mice was given pellets that do not contain black pepper extract as a control. The second and third groups, respectively were treated with pellets containing aqueous and ethanol extracts. The last group was given pellets containing aqueous extract and ethanolic extracts with a ratio of 1:1. Pellets were given once every day for 90 days. Mating behavior test was conducted in an open round plastic tray with a diameter of 40 cm and height 25 cm. Throughout the test, videotaping was performed for the following parameters: courtship latency and mounting frequency. The results revealed that compared with control group, male mice fed on aqueous as well as ethanol extract of black pepper significantly showed a shorter courtship latency (p<0.05). On the other hand, there was no difference in the mounting frequency between treated groups. Interestingly, the mounting frequency showed a strong negative correlation with the courtship latency (r =-0.968). In conclusion, the fruit extract of black pepper potentially affect sexual drive in male mice.
Sexual disorders have a great impact on men's life, so that is why efforts in searching materials and techniques for the effective treatment of safe and cheap still continued. However, many of the natural material that is claimed efficacious drugs for the high content of bioactive, particularly for sexual disorders, has not been scientifically tested. This study was designed and conducted to ascertain whether the dragon fruit (Hylocereus sp) which is claimed to be efficacious as an antioxidant as well as anti-aging, can be used as a remedy for sexual function disorders and fertility in male rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (Rattus novergicus) aged 10 -12 weeks, grouped in to four consisted of six rats each, treated once daily for 25 days. Group 1 (control) was given 1 ml CMC 1%; group 2 received extract of pitaya fruit at a dose of 500mg/kg; group 3 treated with cyproterone acetate (CPA) at a dose of 25mg/kg; whereas group 4 adminstered with 25mg/kg CPA and 500mg/kg of pitaya fruit extract. CPA treatment effectively reduces serum testosterone while pitaya fruit extract effectively enhances the androgen concentration; increases spermatozoa counts, sperm viability, sperm motility, and spermatid counts. However, pitaya fruit fail to restore the decrease of primary spermatocyte due to CPA induction. So, the conclusion white pitaya fruit extract effectively increase the synthesis of testosterone and play a role spermiogenesis, thus the pitaya fruit herbs can be used as an enhancer of sexual activity and fertility in male.
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