Organizing STEAM educational activities which integrate different knowledge areas in order to create an innovation for primary school students that uses many skills is difficult. This is because children aged 6 are different in terms of intelligence, skills and mood. There is a lack of a set of activities that make students happily learn together by playing and get involved with creative and innovative thinking, practice planning and decision skills, and work together as a team. Therefore, encouragement is needed to create a set of learning activities by applying the STEAM educational concept and to evaluate their learning success also using the STEAM educational concept. The result of this set of activities was the design of three different moveable robot inspired by a breed of dog called Beagle. The Beagle set of activities were then evaluated by three experts in the area. The outcome was that the first design had the highest mean ( ̅ = 4.88, S.D. = 0.17). The mean from the structure & control system evaluation of this set of activities was at a very good level ( ̅ =4.83, S.D.= 0.39). Finally, the learning achievement from using this set of STEAM educational activities with the sample had a mean of 16.07, which is 80.33 %. This means that the proposed set of activities is able to help students to improve the process of their thought. However, the outcome is based on the nature, experience and learning method of each student.
The research objective was to study local traditional wisdom of the art of producing fabric dye from fresh buffalo manure (FBM). Data were collected from rural weaving community cooperative (co-op) members and experts in Thailand’s northeastern Mekong River province of Nakhon Phanom. The study’s Method 1 added buffalo dung water, salt, and a mordant together, which was brought to a boil for 30 minutes. Method 2 added buffalo dung water and salt, which was brought to a boil for 10 minutes, after which a mordant agent was added, then boiled for an additional 30 minutes. There were five different formulas for each method using a different mordant. Results revealed that Method 1 had the best dyeing solution and produced a consistent, commercially usable, washable fabric with three-tone coloring and long-lasting yarn. Method 1 also used a hot dyeing technique in which cotton yarn and FBM were disinfected in a boiling vat while natural odor-reducing additives were added. Moreover, Method 1 consisted of either (1) FBM, salt, and lye, (2) FBM, salt, and muddy water, or (3) only salt added to FBM. These three solutions yielded a material in which testing by the Thailand Textile Institute (THTI) using ISO standards was determined to have a moderate degree of lightfastness, as well as an excellent resistance to color fading after washing. The study is important as it adds a wealth of knowledge to the literature concerning eco-friendly eco-fashion, sustainable products, and economically viable traditional handicraft textile production techniques.
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