Citrus Silver Mites (CSM) Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) in Indonesia has been known as a major pest of tea plant, sesame and jatropha. Recently CSM was found attacking citrus plant. Plant damage caused by mites on the leaf buds are curved, curly shoots and dead ends. This condition was found in the screen house of some nurseries for several citrus varieties. Because of the damage, the control anticipation based on bioecology must be taken seriously. The study was conducted on the biology and development of CSM on three commercial citrus species that were Tangerine, Sweet Orange and Mandarin. The results showed that in general, CSM life cycle on three citrus species was not significantly different, which was about 5 days. Pre oviposition period, oviposition period, longevity of adult female, post oviposition period did not differ between the three citrus species. The fecundity of CSM on Sweet Orange was higher than that of Tangerin and
Organic wastes from plants that contain certain secondary metabolite compounds can be used as botanical pesticides. In this study, the plant wastes used were chrysanthemum flower, JC citrus peel and foliage of tobacco. The botanical pesticides were tested for their effectiveness against the main pests of citrus that were citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri and citrus aphids Toxoptera citricidus. The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of botanical pesticides from plant wastes against both target pests. The three materials were extracted and processed by maceration method with methanol solvent. The test was arranged in a Randomized Block Design consisting of 12 treatments, that were the test concentration for each ingredient was 0.5 %; 0.75 % and 1 %, comparative chemical insecticides dimethoat and imidacloprid, and control. The treatment consisted of two units for each target pest and repeated 4 times. The test results showed that the botanical insecticide from tobacco foliage was the most effective against both target pests compared to those from chrysanthemums flower and JC citrus peel. The insecticide tested was more effective against citrus aphids T. citricidus compared to citrus psyllid D. citri, as evidenced by the shorter time to achieve the mortality. For tobacco insecticides, further testing with lower concentrations is needed to determine the exact and effective test concentration, so that the use of materials is more efficient.
Indonesia is a country that has a large biological diversity but has not been fully utilized for agriculture. The effectiveness of biological agents in controlling pests and plant diseases still needs further investigation, one of which is the use of entomopathogenic fungi as biopesticides. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of storage on the viability and density of conidia in several entomopathogenic fungi; Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Paecilomyces. This study used 5 entomopathogenic fungi isolates, 2 Beauveria bassiana isolates (JBG and JBR), 2 Metarhizium anisopliae isolates (JBG and UST), 1 Paecilomyces. Biopesticide carrier material consisted of 6 carrier materials, namely soybean decoction waste, soy washing waste, Potato Dextrose Agar, tapioca waste, rice waste, rice washing waste and coconut water. Biopesticides have been made one year before and the viability and complexity of the conidia is re-examined one year later. From the observations of conidial density, the best was found in Beauveria bassiana JBG liquid biopesticide of 4.8 x 10 x conidia / ml from the initial density of 3.4 x 10⁸ / ml in the soybean decoction (RK) carrier material. The highest viability was found in JBG Metharizium anisopliae on soybean washing waste material by 14%. Key words: Conidia viability, conidial density, entomopathogenic fungi
Kampar is one of the largest citrus seed production centers in Indonesia which has a wide distribution range. In anticipating and preventing the spread of dangerous systemic diseases and the presence of vector pests, a survey was conducted to evaluate the health of the seeds and the application of technology to the process of citrus production in Kampar, Riau, Indonesia. The survey was conducted in November 2014 in Sungai Pinang, Tambang, Kampar Regency and at Padang Marpoyan Seed Center, Riau, Indonesia. The sample was selected by random sampling method on scattered seeds in captivity, Foundation Block (FB), Budwood Multiplication Block (BMB) plant in the protected screen house and in farmer land. The results of the survey showed that seed growers that have not used patches from the BMB mother tree are already available on the farmer's land of 1200 stems since 2014 while BMB in BBI is available since 2012. The condition of the parent FB and BMB trees managed by the Agriculture Service in Padang Marpoyan Seed Center is sufficiently good and protected in a screen house. The results of the seed health examination showed that the FB and BMB plants were free from Huanglongbing (HLB) and Citrus Tristeza Virus (CTV) diseases. Whereas, the field of BMB plants on the farmer's land with no screen house protection and Parent Tree showed that the plant's population in the field were infected with CTV by 66.7%. The seed plants spread to 100% small seed grower were infected with CTV. In the medium seed grower cluster, CTV infection occurred as much as 87.5%. In large seed grower, the indexing results showed a positive mark and contained Liberibacter asiaticum pathogens that cause HLB.
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