Diterima tanggal 21 Maret 2012, direvisi tanggal 9April 2012 ABSTRAK Serangan Phytophthora spp. telah menyebabkan produksi tanaman apel turun hingga 90 %. Beberapa spesies kapang antagonis diketahui dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Phytophthora patogen pada tanaman apel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk identifikasi dan mempelajari potensi isolat kapang antagonis dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Phytophthora spp. patogen tanaman apel. Kapang Phytophthora diisolasi dengan metode umpan menggunakan buah apel sedangkan kapang antagonis diisolasi dengan metode seri pengenceran dari sampel tanah perkebunan apel. Uji penghambatan kapang antagonis terhadap Phytophthora dilakukan dengan dual culture method. Isolat kapang antagonis dan Phytophthora diidentifikasi berdasarkan karakter fenotip. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan enam spesies kapang yaitu Trichoderma sp.1, Trichoderma sp.4, Trichoderma sp.6, Aspergillus sp.2, Aspergillus sp.3 dan Penicillium sp.1 sebagai antagonis terhadap Phytophthora patogen pada tanaman apel. Kapang Trichoderma sp.6 memiliki potensi penghambatan tertinggi sebesar 62,95 % sedangkan Penicillium sp.1 memiliki potensi penghambatan terendah sebesar 28,82 % terhadap pertumbuhan Phytophthora.
Citrus nursery is one of the upstream sectors that is significant to support citrus agribusiness in Sambas regency as citrus production center area in West Kalimantan. Several programs have been conducted to increase the capacity and technology adoption of disease-free certified citrus seedling producers. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the implementation of technology support for disease-free certified citrus grafted seedling production through mentoring programs to increase the knowledge and skill capacity of the seedling producers, as well as to evaluate the adoption level of the certified citrus seedling producers towards the recommended technology for disease-free certified citrus seedling production in Sambas Regency. The mentoring programs were carried out by training and establishing a model of citrus Bud-stick Multiplication Block. The evaluation of the adoption level of recommended technology was carried out by conducting surveys before and after the mentoring programs. The adoption evaluation of the recommended technology components comprised of the use of polybags during the whole production process, sowing rootstock seeds correctly, nucellar selection, transplanting, the use of bud-stick from Bud-stick Multiplication Block, Grafting and optimum maintenance. The evaluation results indicated that several technology components got an increase in the adoption rates after the completion of the mentoring programs. However, there were still few technology components that did not experience changes in the rate of adoption.
Organic wastes from plants that contain certain secondary metabolite compounds can be used as botanical pesticides. In this study, the plant wastes used were chrysanthemum flower, JC citrus peel and foliage of tobacco. The botanical pesticides were tested for their effectiveness against the main pests of citrus that were citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri and citrus aphids Toxoptera citricidus. The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of botanical pesticides from plant wastes against both target pests. The three materials were extracted and processed by maceration method with methanol solvent. The test was arranged in a Randomized Block Design consisting of 12 treatments, that were the test concentration for each ingredient was 0.5 %; 0.75 % and 1 %, comparative chemical insecticides dimethoat and imidacloprid, and control. The treatment consisted of two units for each target pest and repeated 4 times. The test results showed that the botanical insecticide from tobacco foliage was the most effective against both target pests compared to those from chrysanthemums flower and JC citrus peel. The insecticide tested was more effective against citrus aphids T. citricidus compared to citrus psyllid D. citri, as evidenced by the shorter time to achieve the mortality. For tobacco insecticides, further testing with lower concentrations is needed to determine the exact and effective test concentration, so that the use of materials is more efficient.
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