Background:Collagen and chitosan are potential biomaterials for medical applications; chitosan-collagen membranes are used as a barrier membrane in guided tissue regeneration and guided bone regeneration.Aims:The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the chitosan-collagen membrane on wound healing in rat mandibular defect by counting the number of fibroblasts and new blood vessels.Materials and Methods:As much as 24 male Wistar rats were divided into two groups, the treatment and control group. Bone defects were made In the rat mandible with diamond bur with a diameter of 2 mm, then the defect was covered with a chitosan-collagen membrane, and the control group was covered without application of chitosan-collagen membrane. After the 3rd, 7th, 14th, and the 21st day, the defect site was analyzed histologically. The number of fibroblasts and blood vessels was counted under a light microscope, at five fields with ×1000 and ×400 microscope magnification.Statistical Analysis Used:This study was done by using analysis of variance and unpaired t-test.Results:The average number of fibroblasts and blood vessels in the treatment group was higher than the control group. There was a significant difference in the number of fibroblasts on the 3rd and 7th day (P = 0.001; P = 0.001) and the number of blood vessels on the 3rd day (P = 0.04).Conclusion:The chitosan-collagen membrane was able to increase the number of fibroblasts and new blood vessels in the wound healing process.

Thalassemia is the most common hereditary haemolytic anemia in Southeast Asia, in which Indonesia is among countries that are at a high risk for thalassemia. It has been reported that mutation in the beta-globin gene is responsible in severe Thalassemia. However, the spectrum of beta-globin gene mutations in Indonesian population varies in different regions . Thus, this study aimed to identify the most prevalent mutation of Thalassemia patients from the Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, using this as a reference hospital for Thalassemia in West Java. The three most prevalent mutations of beta globin (IVS1nt5, Cd26 (HbE), and IVS1nt1), were conducted in the beginning of this study. Mutations of 291 samples were detected by PCR-RFLP in the Molecular Genetic Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung. The prevalence of the beta globin gene mutation types were 47.4% IVS1nt5 homozygote, 9.9% compound heterozygote IVS1nt5/HbE, 5.4% compound heterozygote IVS1nt5/IVS1nt1, 1.4% compound heterozygote HbE/IVS1nt1, 1% HbE homozygote, 14.4% Compound heterzygote IVS1nt5/… (no paired mutation), 2.06% compound heterozygote HbE/… (no paired mutation), 1.3% compound heterozygote IVS1nt1/… (no paired mutation), and 7 samples were unidentified. The thalassemia mutation IVS1nt5 homozygote is the most common mutation found in Thalassemia patients at Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung. The samples with unidentified results might carry mutations other than the three that are observed in the present study.

Until currently, HD-MTX therapy with repeated intrathecal injections has been generally accepted as an elective regimen for preventing central nervous system involvement and acts as a cornerstone of treatment in children with ALL (Mantadakis et al., 2005). However, high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX), defined as a dose

Free sexual behavior is a problem of adolescents of concern. Free sex can cause new problems such as teen pregnancy, teenage marriage, teenage childbirth, and sexually transmitted diseases. The Government's effort in overcoming adolescent problems uses a peer approach through PIK R (Youth Information and Counseling Center). However, 50% of PIK administrators said they lacked confidence in providing counseling to their friends. So that module is needed that suit their needs. This study uses a qualitative method. The number of informants used was 11 people. This research was conducted in January-June 2017 in Banten Province. The counseling module contains counseling and substance needed to be related to adolescent reproductive health. Modules must be able to provide an overview and teach the counseling process, competency counseling, and counseling ethics. ABSTRAKPerilaku seks bebas menjadi permasalahan remaja yang menjadi perhatian. Perilaku seks bebas dapat menyebabkan permasalahan baru seperti kehamilan remaja, pernikahan remaja, persalinan remaja, dan penyakit menular seksual. Upaya Pemerintah dalam mengatasi permasalahan remaja menggunakan pendekatan teman sebaya melalui PIK R (Pusat Informasi dan Konseling Remaja). Namun, 50% pengurus PIK mengatakan kurang percaya diri dalam memberikan konseling pada temannya. Sehingga dibutuhkan modul yang sesuai dengan kebutuhannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Jumlah informan yang digunakan sebanyak 11 orang. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Januari-Juni 2017 di Provinsi Banten. Modul konseling berisi tentang konseling dan substansi yang dibutuhkan terkait kesehatan reproduksi remaja. Modul harus mampu memberikan gambaran dan mengajarkan Proses konseling, Kompetensi konseling, serta Etika konseling.

HBA2We report a novel mutation at codon 24 of the α2-globin gene (HBA2: c.75T > A) found in a Sundanese family. This novel mutation was detected during prenatal diagnosis. The couple already had a 7-year-old boy who exhibited clinically severe α-thalassemia intermedia (α-TI), and he was found to be a compound heterozygote for the novel mutation at codon 24 and the previously described Hb Adana (HBA2: c.179G > A) at codon 59 of the α2-globin gene. The father was a carrier of the novel point mutation and showed normal hemoglobin (Hb) and a low mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular Hb (MCH) value.

Premarital sexual behavior in adolescents is at risk of sexual intercourse. One of the teenagers' factors in premarital sexual intercourse is a lack of knowledge about adolescent reproductive health. One method that can be given to increase knowledge about reproductive health is peer counseling. Peer counseling service improvement can be supported by the availability of modules or teaching materials to be used as a guide for peer counselors. The purpose of this study was to analyze the substance of the peer counseling module, analyze the perspective of the prospective module user on the development of peer counseling modules, and develop a model of the peer counseling module. The design of this study was the concurrent mixed method was divided into two stages, namely in-depth interviews with the experts and interviews and surveying with module users. The data was collected from the senior high school students in Cimahi and Bandung, West Java from March to July 2017. The result of this study showed that the substances developed in this module were the adolescents' reproductive health, adolescents' preparation in family planning, and adolescents' ethics. Based on results of the analysis using the Rasch model, in the module user's perspective, there is a need for the development of peer counseling modules. Evaluation of the module's model from participants showed that they mostly agreed with the module's model and the substances that were developed.

Thalassemia is the most common hereditary haemolytic anemia in Southeast Asia, in which Indonesia is among countries that are at a high risk for thalassemia. It has been reported that mutation in the beta-globin gene is responsible in severe Thalassemia. However, the spectrum of beta-globin gene mutations in Indonesian population varies in different regions . Thus, this study aimed to identify the most prevalent mutation of Thalassemia patients from the Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, using this as a reference hospital for Thalassemia in West Java. The three most prevalent mutations of beta globin (IVS1nt5, Cd26 (HbE), and IVS1nt1), were conducted in the beginning of this study. Mutations of 291 samples were detected by PCR-RFLP in the Molecular Genetic Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung. The prevalence of the beta globin gene mutation types were 47.4% IVS1nt5 homozygote, 9.9% compound heterozygote IVS1nt5/HbE, 5.4% compound heterozygote IVS1nt5/IVS1nt1, 1.4% compound heterozygote HbE/IVS1nt1, 1% HbE homozygote, 14.4% Compound heterzygote IVS1nt5/... (no paired mutation), 2.06% compound heterozygote HbE/... (no paired mutation), 1.3% compound heterozygote IVS1nt1/... (no paired mutation), and 7 samples were unidentified. The thalassemia mutation IVS1nt5 homozygote is the most common mutation found in Thalassemia patients at Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung. The samples with unidentified results might carry mutations other than the three that are observed in the present study.

Background. Iron overload is still a major complication of severe β-thalassemia. Indication to start iron chelation therapy is based on serum ferritin (SF) or transferrin saturation (TS) level or the amount of transfusion. The goal of this study is to analyse the pattern of iron status, the amount of transfusion regarding the time to start iron chelator, and serum hepcidin levels in newly diagnosed severe β-thalassemia. Methods. A prospective cohort study was performed at Hasan Sadikin General Hospital on newly diagnosed severe β-thalassemia patients. Subjects had not received any blood transfusion with normal liver function test, CRP, and IL-6 levels who consumed normal diet according to age. The SF and TS levels indicate iron status, while hepcidin level indicates iron regulator status. Main indicator to start iron chelation therapy when SF level ≥1.000 ng/mL, TS level ≥70%, or after receiving transfusion at least 10 times. Statistical analysis used Mann–Whitney and Spearman. Results. Forty-two newly severe β-thalassemia, 30 (71.4%), were diagnosed before 1 year old, mean 9.9 ± 6.4 months, range 2–24 months. Range amount of transfusion until SF level reached ≥1,000 ng/mL were 4-12 times, mean 7 ± 2 times. Mean SF and TS level at diagnosis were 365.6 ± 194.9   ng / mL and 67.3 ± 22.5 % , while hepcidin level was normal, mean 242.6 ± 58   ng / mL . 36/42 patients have reached SF >1000 ng/mL with amount of transfusion less than 10 times. There was no significant difference of SF, TS, and hepcidin levels when SF >1000 ng/mL in the group with amount of transfusion 7–12 and less than 7 ( p = 0.454 , p = 0.084 , p = 0.765 ), respectively. A significant positive correlation between SF and amount of transfusion was observed ( p < 0.001 ; r = 0.781 ). Conclusion. Iron overload in severe β-thalassemia patients might occur earlier even before they received 10 times transfusion. Hepcidin serum level tends to increase when iron overload just started.