The process of lipid peroxidation results in a range of intermediates and end products including lipid hydroperoxides, aldyehydes, and malondialdehyde (MDA). These aldehydes and lipid hydroperoxides form DNA adducts and may result in extensive single-strand and doublestrand breaks ( 4 ). Various intermediates and end products generated during the lipid peroxidation cascade have been assayed, but the most-commonly employed approach continues to be the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test ( 5 ).Although it is widely acknowledged that TBA reacts with a range of oxidized lipids, both saturated and unsaturated aldehydes, ( 6, 7 ) sucrose, and urea ( 8 ), to form various chromogens, referred to as TBA-reactive substances (TBARS), it is the reaction of TBA with MDA to produce a pink pigment ( 9 ) with an absorption maximum at 532 nm ( 10 ) and mass ion at 323 amu ( 11 ) that is a true indicator of lipid peroxidation. Historically, the TBARS test has been assayed by ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry or fl uorescence assays, but the specifi city of the TBA test, enabling the selective determination of MDA, may be achieved via chromatographic separation of the pink TBA 2 -MDA adduct ( 12 ). The adoption of HPLC techniques improves assay specifi city and the sensitivity of MDA determination, and we have previously confi rmed the validity of quantifying the TBA 2 -MDA adduct as a specifi c measure of lipid peroxidation in human biological fl uids ( 13 ).Despite the widely acknowledged limitations of the TBARS test ( 14 ), and in particular its lack of specifi city, it continues to be reported as a true measure of MDA in clinical disease ( 1,15,16 ). It is proposed that the poor assay specifi city associated with TBARS assays may lead to an overestimation of the levels of MDA in human plasma and other biological tissues and fl uids, and this, in turn, may Abstract Malondialdehyde (MDA) is one of the most commonly reported biomarkers of lipid peroxidation in clinical studies. The reaction of thiobarbituric acid (TBA) with MDA to yield a pink chromogen attributable to an MDA-TBA 2 adduct is a common assay approach with products being quantified by ultraviolet-Vis assay as nonspecific TBAreactive substances (TBARS) or chromatographically as MDA. The specifi city of the TBARS assay was compared with both chromatographic assays for total plasma MDA. The levels of total plasma MDA were signifi cantly lower than the plasma TBARS in each of the samples examined, and interestingly, the interindividual variation apparent in the level of plasma MDA was not evident in the plasma TBARS assay. Each of the four online chromatographic detectors yielded a precise, sensitive, and accurate determination of total plasma MDA, and selected-ion monitoring was the most-accurate assay (101.3%, n = 4). The online diode array detectors provided good assay specifi city (peak purity index of 999), sensitivity, precision, and accuracy. This research demonstrates the inaccuracy that is inherent in plasma TBARS assays, which claim to quantify MDA, and it is pro...

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This new initiative across the School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences at Robert Gordon University focuses around students from the Overseas Pharmacist's Assessment Programme (OSPAP) and 3rd year Nutrition and Dietetics students working in an interprofessional setting to manage the care of individuals with Phenylketonuria (PKU). A problem based learning approach was employed which involved small group interprofessional working to solve a series of simulated case studies concerned with the management of phenylketonuria. The session was further enhanced by an expert patient narrative and the opportunity to test a series of commercially available low protein/low phenylalanine food substitutes provided by SHS-Nutricia and Vitaflo which are used in the disease management. Group evaluation of the activity was generally positive with all groups indicating that the learning objectives had been achieved in a setting which promoted collaborative interprofessional working, acquisition of knowledge pertaining to the management of PKU and a format which enabled a breadth and depth of material to be covered in a relatively short time. The contributions of the expert patient and availability of test samples enhanced the interactivity of the session and provided a meaningful insight into the real life scenario of PKU patients. Limitations of the session included the rather narrow range of healthcare professional students involved in the activity and the need for better signposting of preparatory reading material. Planned future developments of this initiative aim to involve health visiting, biomedical science and social work students to enable a more holistic approach to the health and social care issues of PKU to be considered and the inclusion of an Articulate quiz activity for student self evaluation pre event. In conclusion this initiative addressed the 6 learning objectives in an interactive manner which received positive learner feedback and the academic team has identified a clear strategy for future development.