Resumenel colectivo de personas con discapacidad en españa ha propuesto el concepto de "diversidad funcional" para reivindicar su derecho a tomar decisiones y a abandonar la marginación a la que tradicionalmente ha sido sometido. El concepto se inscribe en los presupuestos de la "filosofía de vida independiente" y trata de superar las definiciones en negativo (discapacidad, minusvalía), reclamando el derecho al pleno reconocimiento de su dignidad como una expresión más de las muchas diversidades que en la actualidad son reconocidas positivamente en nuestra convivencia colectiva. Sin embargo, el concepto no logra superar, por sí mismo, ciertos presupuestos asociados a la concepción de la discapacidad que tienen que ver con la moderna normalización del cuerpo y de la salud derivados de la hegemonía del discurso de la ciencia médica. En el texto se proponen las líneas de argumentación crítica que, frente a dichos presupuestos, habrá de afrontar la perspectiva de la diversidad funcional. PalabRas claveBio-política, Normalización, Sociología de la discapacidad. abstRactIn Spain disabled people have proposed the concept of "functional diversity" to claim the right to take decisions and to leave the marginalization to which they have been submitted through the years. this concept, created to surpass negative definitions (disability, handicap) has a connection with the ideas of "independent life philosophy", as it claims the right to the full recognition of the dignity of these group of people, as they are just one possible expression of many diversities that, nowadays, are recognized in a positive way in our society. Nevertheless, this concept does not manage to overcome some of the ideas linked to the concept of disability that have a connection with the modern normalization of body and health, which is a consequence of the hegemony of the medical discourse. In our essay we propose the lines of a critical argument that, in opposition to the above mentioned ideas, will be affirmed from the functional diversity perspective.
This paper seeks to compare the evolution of inclusive education policy in the four countries of an EU-funded research project (QualiTYDES) operating under the shared policy environment of the UN, EU and European Commission. A shared policy cannot of course be assumed to result in common legislative or provisional outcomes at national level. The different sociocultural, political, historical and economic contexts in each country shape its journey towards 'compliance' with an international convention (both pre-and post-ratification), and neither the route nor the destination can be assumed to be shared, given the scope for different interpretations of the same texts. This paper places the implementation trajectories of four European countries side by side as they attempt to move towards 'inclusive' education systems. Following a brief overview of the international education policy environment relating to the education of people with disabilities, we describe the national education policy responses in Ireland, Austria, Spain and Czech Republic in recent decades, including both legislation pertaining to special educational need and implementation of policies in practice. The comparison highlights the different manifestations of inclusive education current in each country, and also explores the challenges which have arisen as individual countries attempt to align international policy with provision in existing education systems, each with their own legacy interests, pressures and priorities. Examples of 'gaps' in this alignment are where learners with disabilities/SEN are likely to be failed, and represent the critical points at which barriers to fully inclusive education arise and negatively impact opportunity over the life course.
S Su us sa an na a R Ro od dr rí íg gu ue ez z D Dí ía az zUniversidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/rev_NOMA.2012.v34.n2.40739Resumen.-En las sociedades avanzadas el consumo, y muy especialmente, el consumo de mercancías no necesarias para la supervivencia, se ha convertido en una actividad central, hasta el punto de que se puede hablar de una "sociedad consumista". Los objetos consumidos, más allá de su valor y funcionalidad material, presentan una dotación simbólica, por lo que el acto de consumir sirve para construir y enfatizar identidades individuales y sociales. En este artículo se revisan, en primer lugar, algunos planteamientos sociológicos clásicos en relación al consumo como acto simbólico, para más tarde resumir el desarrollo del sistema de consumo de masas hasta el momento de la actual crisis económica para, más adelante, intentar tanto una crítica como posibles alternativas al actual sistema consumista. Palabras clave.-Consumismo, valor simbólico, desigualdad social.Abstract.-In advanced societies consumption, especially consumption of goods not needed for survival, has become such an important activity that we speak of a "consumerist society". The objects are consumed not only because of their material value and functionality, but also because of their symbolic value. Nowadays, the act of consuming is a way of building and emphasizing individual and social identities. This article reviews, in the first place, some classical sociological approaches in relation to consumption as a symbolic act. Secondly, we will pay attention to the development of the mass consumption system. Later, we will try to criticize and propose alternatives to the current consumer system.
En este trabajo nos ocupamos de la cuestión de la accesibilidad universal desde una perspectiva teórica de engarce entre los derechos humanos y la ética profesional del trabajo social. Aunque se trata de un derecho humano de las personas con diversidad funcional reconocido en la Convención de la ONU de 2006, fundamental para el empoderamiento de su autonomía y para una plena participación social, su implementación dista mucho de ser adecuada en nuestra sociedad. Desde un plano ético justificamos que constituye un compromiso de justicia que, dada la relevancia señalada, requiere de más atención en la formación y en una práctica profesional de los servicios sociales centrada en las personas con diversidad funcional. Finalizamos el texto apuntando algunas implicaciones derivadas de este derecho humano en un enfoque ético del trabajo social.
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