Resumenel colectivo de personas con discapacidad en españa ha propuesto el concepto de "diversidad funcional" para reivindicar su derecho a tomar decisiones y a abandonar la marginación a la que tradicionalmente ha sido sometido. El concepto se inscribe en los presupuestos de la "filosofía de vida independiente" y trata de superar las definiciones en negativo (discapacidad, minusvalía), reclamando el derecho al pleno reconocimiento de su dignidad como una expresión más de las muchas diversidades que en la actualidad son reconocidas positivamente en nuestra convivencia colectiva. Sin embargo, el concepto no logra superar, por sí mismo, ciertos presupuestos asociados a la concepción de la discapacidad que tienen que ver con la moderna normalización del cuerpo y de la salud derivados de la hegemonía del discurso de la ciencia médica. En el texto se proponen las líneas de argumentación crítica que, frente a dichos presupuestos, habrá de afrontar la perspectiva de la diversidad funcional. PalabRas claveBio-política, Normalización, Sociología de la discapacidad. abstRactIn Spain disabled people have proposed the concept of "functional diversity" to claim the right to take decisions and to leave the marginalization to which they have been submitted through the years. this concept, created to surpass negative definitions (disability, handicap) has a connection with the ideas of "independent life philosophy", as it claims the right to the full recognition of the dignity of these group of people, as they are just one possible expression of many diversities that, nowadays, are recognized in a positive way in our society. Nevertheless, this concept does not manage to overcome some of the ideas linked to the concept of disability that have a connection with the modern normalization of body and health, which is a consequence of the hegemony of the medical discourse. In our essay we propose the lines of a critical argument that, in opposition to the above mentioned ideas, will be affirmed from the functional diversity perspective.
This paper seeks to compare the evolution of inclusive education policy in the four countries of an EU-funded research project (QualiTYDES) operating under the shared policy environment of the UN, EU and European Commission. A shared policy cannot of course be assumed to result in common legislative or provisional outcomes at national level. The different sociocultural, political, historical and economic contexts in each country shape its journey towards 'compliance' with an international convention (both pre-and post-ratification), and neither the route nor the destination can be assumed to be shared, given the scope for different interpretations of the same texts. This paper places the implementation trajectories of four European countries side by side as they attempt to move towards 'inclusive' education systems. Following a brief overview of the international education policy environment relating to the education of people with disabilities, we describe the national education policy responses in Ireland, Austria, Spain and Czech Republic in recent decades, including both legislation pertaining to special educational need and implementation of policies in practice. The comparison highlights the different manifestations of inclusive education current in each country, and also explores the challenges which have arisen as individual countries attempt to align international policy with provision in existing education systems, each with their own legacy interests, pressures and priorities. Examples of 'gaps' in this alignment are where learners with disabilities/SEN are likely to be failed, and represent the critical points at which barriers to fully inclusive education arise and negatively impact opportunity over the life course.
Una aproximación sociológica a la discapacidad desde el modelo social: apuntes caracteriológicos
Resumen. La accesibilidad tecnológica de las personas con discapacidad es abordada exclusivamente a partir de la concepción y perspectiva de los expertos, sin tener en cuenta a los/as usuarios/as. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo subsanar ese déficit, tratando de desarrollar un instrumento de investigación útil el diseño tecnológico y la mejora en la accesibilidad, incorporando, para ello, un estudio en profundidad de la relación entre las personas con discapacidad y la tecnología. Denominamos a dicha metodología proMITIA (-propuesta de una-Metodología de Investigación Triangular para la elaboración de Indicadores de Accesibilidad). La misma comporta tres fases de desarrollo: una primera basada en cuestionarios exploratorios; una segunda que aplica técnicas de investigación cualitativa articuladas de manera triangular; por último, la codificación de la información mediante un conjunto de indicadores de accesibilidad. Palabras clave: accesibilidad tecnológica, personas con discapacidad, identificación de barreras, triangulación metodológica, indicadores de accesibilidad. Methodology for de analysis of disabled peoble technological accessibility: Triangulation and indicators makingAbstract. The approach to the technological accessibility of disabled people is based only on the experts' conceptions and perspective, without users' contribution. The objective of this paper is offer a solution to this deficit, developing a research device which is useful for the technological design and for the improvement of accessibility. A deep study of the relations between disabled people and technology is introduced. We name this technology "proMITIA" [pro-TRiMA] (-A proposal of a-Triangular Research Methodology for the elaboration of Accessibility Indicators). This methodology entails three development phases: a first one, based on exploratory questionnaires; a second one which applies qualitative research techniques articulated in a triangular mode; and finally, an information coding through a set of accessibility indicators.
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