Scotch pine trees treated with different concentrations of 6-benzyladenine (6-BA), with 6-BA in combination with the surfactants Buffer X, Surfactant WK, Triton X-100, ABG 7001, ABG 7002, ABG 7003, and with 6-BA + Wilt-Pruf produced an increased number of fascicular buds. However, enhanced fascicular bud development either did not result in an increase in lateral branch number the following season, or resulted in the production of a large number of short branches which detracted from the appearance of the plant.
Picea pungens Englm. trees were treated with a single foliar spray of solutions containing 0, 100, 250, 500, and 1000 mM BA at 4 different times as follows during the growing season: 1) dormant trees, 2) at bud break, 3) during stem elongation, 4) summer hardwood, and 5) summer hardwood combined with a pruning. Treatments of 1000 mM at the time of bud break and to pruned summer hardwood trees resulted in an increase in bud number but not a corresponding increase in branch number the following year.
A laboratory study was conducted to determine the efficacy of foliar applications of several pyrethroid insecticides and Orthene for control of SRW infesting eastern hemlock fields. To ensure complete foliar coverage by the insecticides, hemlock twigs were submersed in insecticide solutions. The proximal end of the twigs were then placed in small vials filled with tap water to inhibit desiccation of the plant tissue. Twigs were placed in cages containing five adult SRW that had been collected from hemlock blocks in Mass. nurseries. In addition to the hemlock, each cage also contained a cotton ball that was kept moist with tap water to supply adequate water to the weevils. The cages were kept in an illuminated incubator maintained at 20-21°C and 16 h daylengths. The effect of the insecticides were evaluated at 2 d intervals from 2-20 DAT. Weevils were considered injured if they behaved atypically as compared to untreated SRW; i.e., if they had diminished coordination when walking or were moribund. The % dead insects and % total injury (injured + dead insects) were used to evaluate insecticide efficacy. A completely randomized design with 3 replicates of each treatment was used. The experiment was conducted twice and the data from the 2 trials were combined.
BVW-infested Euonymus fortunel radicans, growing outdoors in 2-gal containers in a Massachusetts commercial nursery were treated with 3 commercially-produced nematode strains.. Two strains of Heterorhabditis sp. (HL 81 and HP 88) and one strain of Steinernema feltiae Filipjev (= Neoplectana carpocapsae Weiser) (NC All) were applied on 3 dates; 6 May (light rain, 17°C); 20 May (cloudy, 20°C); 6 Jun (cloudy, 21°C) to determine the effect of timing of application on the ability of the nematodes to control black vine weevil larvae. The completely randomized experimental design consisted of 20 replicate plants/treatment teematode strain;application date or the untreated check).. The commercial nematode preparations were suspended in 10 liters of tap water and applied to the surface of the container medium (3:2 hardwood bark:sand by vol) at a rate of 1,000,000 nematodes/m2. Efficacy of the treatments was determined by the number of BVW per container that successfully completed metamorphosis and emerged as adults from the container medium (the plants were covered with cheesecloth netting attached to the outside of the container to keep emerging BVW inside the containers and to exclude migrating BVW).
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