Background Mass vaccination campaigns have significantly reduced the COVID-19 burden. However, vaccine hesitancy has posed significant global concerns. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics that influence perceptions of COVID-19 vaccine efficacy, acceptability, hesitancy and decision making to take vaccine among general adult populations in a variety of socioeconomic and cultural contexts. Methods Using a snowball sampling approach, we conducted an online cross-sectional study in 20 countries across four continents from February to May 2021. Results A total of 10,477 participants were included in the analyses with a mean age of 36±14.3 years. The findings revealed the prevalence of perceptions towards COVID-19 vaccine’s effectiveness (78.8%), acceptance (81.8%), hesitancy (47.2%), and drivers of vaccination decision-making (convenience [73.3%], health providers’ advice [81.8%], and costs [57.0%]). The county-wise distribution included effectiveness (67.8–95.9%; 67.8% in Egypt to 95.9% in Malaysia), acceptance (64.7–96.0%; 64.7% in Australia to 96.0% in Malaysia), hesitancy (31.5–86.0%; 31.5% in Egypt to 86.0% in Vietnam), convenience (49.7–95.7%; 49.7% in Austria to 95.7% in Malaysia), advice (66.1–97.3%; 66.1% in Austria to 97.3% in Malaysia), and costs (16.0–91.3%; 16.0% in Vietnam to 91.3% in Malaysia). In multivariable regression analysis, several socio-demographic characteristics were identified as associated factors of outcome variables including, i) vaccine effectiveness: younger age, male, urban residence, higher education, and higher income; ii) acceptance: younger age, male, urban residence, higher education, married, and higher income; and iii) hesitancy: male, higher education, employed, unmarried, and lower income. Likewise, the factors associated with vaccination decision-making including i) convenience: younger age, urban residence, higher education, married, and lower income; ii) advice: younger age, urban residence, higher education, unemployed/student, married, and medium income; and iii) costs: younger age, higher education, unemployed/student, and lower income. Conclusions Most participants believed that vaccination would effectively control and prevent COVID-19, and they would take vaccinations upon availability. Determinant factors found in this study are critical and should be considered as essential elements in developing COVID-19 vaccination campaigns to boost vaccination uptake in the populations.
IntroductionSeveral studies exhibited varying reports of perception toward vaccine effectiveness, vaccine hesitancy, and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines. As this fluctuated with evidence generation, this study explored the perception toward vaccine effectiveness in rural and urban communities among various countries.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted online from April to August 2021 using convenience sampling among people from different countries approved by the Asia Metropolitan University Medical Research and Ethics. We adapted the questionnaire from the World Health Organization's (WHO) survey tool and guidance on COVID-19. The logistic regression models were performed to show perception toward vaccine effectiveness.ResultsA total of 5,673 participants responded to the online survey. Overall, 64% of participants agreed that the vaccine effectively controlled viral spread, and 23% agreed that there was no need for vaccination if others were vaccinated. Males had 14% higher odds of believing that there was no need for vaccination. Less social media users had 39% higher odds of developing the belief that there is no need for vaccination than all other people vaccinated.ConclusionPeople's perceptions toward vaccine acceptance have fluctuated with the information flow in various social media and the severity of COVID-19 cases. Therefore, it is important that the current scenario of peoples' perception toward vaccine acceptance and determinants affecting the acceptance are explored to promote the vaccination approach against COVID-19 prevention and transmission effectively.
Introduction: It is clear that medical science has advanced much in the past few decades with the development of vaccines and this is even true for the novel coronavirus outbreak. By late , COVID-vaccines were starting to be approved by national and global regulators, and across , there was Frontiers in Public Health frontiersin.org Marzo et al. . /fpubh. .Methods: An internet-based cross-sectional survey was conducted from April to August using convenience sampling among people from di erent countries. Participants were asked about their level of intention to the COVID-vaccine. Participants completed the Digital Health Literacy Instrument (DHLI), which was adapted in the context of the COVID Health Literacy Network. Cross-tabulation and logistic regression were used for analysis purpose.Results: Overall, the mean DHL score was . (SD = . , Range = -). The mean DHL score for those who answered "Yes" for "support for national vaccination schedule" was . (SD . ) compared to . (SD . ) for those who either answered "No" or "Don't know". Factors including country, place of residence, education, employment, and income were associated with the intention for vaccination. Odds of vaccine intention were higher in urban respondents (OR-. ; C.I.-. -. ) than in rural respondents. Further, higher competency in assessing the relevance of online information resulted in significantly higher intention for vaccine uptake. Conclusion:Priority should be given to improving DHL and vaccination awareness programs targeting rural areas, lower education level, lower income, and unemployed groups.
Skabies adalah salah satu penyakit yang masih tinggi di negara berkembang. Di Indonesia, prevalensi penyakit skabies mencapai 6,8%. Faktor risiko penyakit skabies adalah kepadatan hunian, kontak langsung maupun tidak langsung, dan personal hygiene. Personal hygiene menjadi faktor yang memengaruhi kejadian skabies khususnya pada kalangan santri. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan antara personal hygiene dan kejadian skabies pada santri di salah satu Pondok Pesantren Kabupaten Bandung tahun 2019. Penelitian menggunakan metode analitik observasional pendekatan cross-sectional dengan prosedur dimulai dengan pemeriksaan oleh tim dokter untuk mengecek sampel apakah terkena skabies atau tidak dan memberikan kuesioner tentang personal hygiene yang telah divalidasi. Pada penelitian ini sampel berjumlah 60 responden yang didapatkan dengan metode simple random sampling. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan personal hygiene belum baik (55%), kejadian skabies yang tinggi (53%), dan terdapat hubungan antara personal hygiene dan kejadian skabies pada santri di salah satu Pondok Pesantren Kabupaten Bandung (p=0,042). Simpulan, personal hygiene adalah salah satu faktor risiko yang dapat berpengaruh terhadap kejadian skabies. THE CORRERATION OF PERSONAL HYGIENE AND SCABIES INCIDENCE ON SANTRI IN PESANTREN BANDUNG DISTRICTScabies is one of the disease which have high prevalence in developing countries. In Indonesia, the prevalence of scabies is up to 6.8%. Risk factors of scabies are dense habitat, direct and indirect contact, and personal hygiene. Personal hygiene is the factor that influence the incidence of scabies in santri. Aim of this study is to determine the correlation between personal hygiene and scabies incidence on santri in one of the Pesantren in Kabupaten Bandung 2019. The study was conducted using descriptive analytic method with cross-sectional approach with the procedure starts from examination to diagnose samples whether the samples are scabies or not and followed by samples filling a validated questionnaire about personal hygiene. Samples were taken with subjects as many as 60 subjects with simple random sampling method. The data were analysed with using chi-square test. The results of data analysis showed that personal hygiene on samples was bad (55%), scabies incidence was high (53%), and there was a correlation between personal hygiene and scabies incidence on santri in one of the Pesantren in Bandung district (p=0.042). In conclusion, personal hygiene is one of the risk factor that can influence the incidence of scabies.
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a shift in learning methods to online. The obstacles felt by college students can have an impact on mental health. However, data on student mental health in Indonesia during the pandemic is still limited. This study describes the depression, anxiety, and stress of college students in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research method is descriptive, conducted on college students in Indonesia from July to August 2021. Sampling is done by voluntary sampling collection, with 258 respondents. The research instrument is a questionnaire of characteristics and depression, anxiety, stress scale (DASS) 42 in the form of Google Form. Data analysis using Microsoft Excel. The results of the research on the characteristics of the most respondents, namely, age in the range of 20–24 years (85.3%), female (64.7%), from Java (60.8), third grade (66.7%), living with parents (74.8%), and from the faculty of medicine (23.3%). More college students are not depressed (55.0%) or not stressed (57.4%) than those who are depressed or stressed. However, more college students experience anxiety than those who are not anxious, 60.1%. Based on the level, most college students experienced moderate depression (12.8%), very severe anxiety (20.9%), and severe stress (13.6%). This study concludes that most college students experience moderate depression, very severe anxiety, and severe stress. The success of online education depends on several factors, such as basic technical skills and the ability to access hardware and software, good self-motivation, and the availability of a conducive learning environment. This problem can have an impact on the mental health of college students. TINGKAT DEPRESI, KECEMASAN, DAN STRES PADA MAHASISWA DI INDONESIA SELAMA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19Pandemi COVID-19 menyebabkan peralihan metode pembelajaran menjadi daring. Terdapat manfaat dan kendala pada pembelajaran daring. Kendala yang dirasakan mahasiswa dapat berdampak pada kesehatan mental. Data kesehatan mental mahasiswa di Indonesia selama pandemik masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menggambarkan depresi, kecemasan, dan stres pada mahasiswa di Indonesia selama masa pandemi COVID-19. Metode penelitian adalah deskriptif yang dilakukan pada mahasiswa di Indonesia pada Juli hingga Agustus 2021. Pengambilan sampel dengan cara sampling sukarela dengan jumlah responden 258 orang. Instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner karakteristik dan depression, anxiety, stress scale (DASS) 42 dalam bentuk Google Form. Analisis data menggunakan Microsoft Excel. Hasil penelitian karakteristik responden yang terbanyak, yaitu usia pada rentang 20–24 tahun (85,3%), perempuan (64,7%), berasal dari Pulau Jawa (60,8), tingkat tiga (66,7%), tinggal bersama orangtua (74,8%), dan dari fakultas kedokteran (23,3%). Lebih banyak mahasiswa yang tidak depresi (55,0%) atau tidak stres (57,4%) daripada yang depresi atau stres. Namun, lebih banyak mahasiswa yang mengalami kecemasan daripada yang tidak cemas, yaitu 60,1%. Berdasar atas tingkatannya, mahasiswa paling banyak mengalami depresi sedang (12,8%), kecemasan sangat berat (20,9%), dan stres berat (13,6%). Simpulan penelitian ini adalah sebagian besar mahasiswa mengalami depresi sedang, kecemasan sangat berat, dan stres berat. Keberhasilan pendidikan daring bergantung pada beberapa faktor seperti keterampilan teknis dasar dan kemampuan mengakses perangkat keras dan lunak, motivasi diri yang baik, serta ketersediaan lingkungan belajar yang kondusif. Terkendalanya hal ini dapat berdampak pada kesehatan mental mahasiswa.
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