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There are some surgeries after which a temporary cover for raw wounds is required to ensure healing. Some of those circumstances are loss of tissue due to burns, trauma, amputation, chronic ulcer, leprosy, and skin graft sites. Although the body initiates regeneration mechanisms, however the time taken for complete healing of wounds is unpredictable. Also, there is a tendency for long standing wounds to undergo infection and scarring. Oral mucosa is no exception to scarring and infection of wounds and there has always been a search for new materials that can be used for coverage of oral defects. Xenogenous collagen is one such grafting material. Over the years collagen implant solutions for a number of clinical applications include general surgery, burn surgery, neurosurgery, plastic and reconstructive surgery, oral surgery, and peripheral nerve and tendon surgery. This paper aims to focus on collagen as an effective option of wound closure in plastic and reconstructive surgery of the head and neck, especially after loss of soft tissue following resection of oral malignancies.

Histopathology, the gold-standard method for diagnosis of human prostate cancer, is based on the analysis of changes in cellular morphology and tissue architecture in chemically stained tissue sections. Even at the very early stages of cancer with minimal phenotypic changes in cellular morphologies, there might be detectable changes in the expression profiles of proteins. Over the last decade, imaging mass spectrometry has been used to explore the spatial distribution and expression profiles of several molecules with their twodimensional heterogeneity retained across the tissue section. In the present study, using MALDI mass spectrometry based tissue imaging, we report the differential expression of three proteins, vinculin, ribonuclease T2 and 60 kDa heat shock protein across human prostate tissue sections in regions pathologically demarcated as frankly malignant. In an independent analysis, quantitative proteomics revealed that in cancerous prostate tissues, ribonuclease T2 and 60 kDa heat shock protein were significantly overexpressed by 22.26- and 6 folds respectively compared to benign condition. Our results show the utility of this approach to probe differential protein expression in architecturally intact cancer tissues. In addition, we propose that ribonuclease T2 and 60 kDa heat shock protein might be developed as diagnostic biomarkers for prostate cancer in future.

Background: Recent studies highlight a role for vitamin D (VD) in the growth and differentiation of various cell types. The biologically active form of vitamin D3 is 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Most cells of the body including prostate cells have vitamin D receptor (VDR) and VD metabolizing enzymes, and can respond to 1,25-VD. Literature supports multipronged effects of 1,25-VD in the prevention of prostate carcinoma development and progression. However, the relationship between prostate carcinoma and VD is still not entirely understood. There are no studies conducted on the association of VD and prostate carcinoma among the Asian population and our study is the first of its kind in literature and hence the need for the same.

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