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OBJECTIVE To investigate the feasibility, tolerability, safety and efficacy of using a new surgical technique for the repair of anterior urethral strictures to preserve vascular supply to the urethra and its entire muscular and neurogenic support. PATIENTS AND METHODS In all, 24 patients (mean age 46 years) underwent a new one-sided anterior dorsal oral mucosal graft urethroplasty while preserving the lateral vascular supply to the urethra, the central tendon of the perineum, the bulbospongiosum muscle and its perineal innervation. The cause of stricture was instrumentation in three cases (12%), unknown in five (21%), infection in four (17%), and lichen sclerosus in 12 (50%). The stricture site was bulbar in 12 cases (50%) and panurethral in 12 (50%). The mean stricture length was 4.2 cm in patients with bulbar strictures and 10 cm in patients with panurethral strictures. Of 24 patients, 20 patients (83%) had received previous treatments. Clinical outcome was considered a failure when any postoperative instrumentation was needed, including dilatation. RESULTS The overall mean (range) follow-up was 22 (12-55) months. Of the 24 patients, 22 (92%) had a successful outcome and two (8%) were failures. One failure was treated using definitive perineal urethrostomy and another failure underwent successful internal urethrotomy. CONCLUSIONS The preservation of the one-sided vascular supply to the urethra and its entire muscular and neurogenic support should represent a slight but significant step toward perfecting the surgical technique of urethral reconstruction using a minimally invasive approach

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?• The incidence of specific aetiologies of urethral stricture disease has been reported from a variety of series throughout the world.• Most reported urethral stricture series are from single institutions or from a specific region of the world. We provide a multi-centred series to compare aetiologic incidence between differing regional populations. Objective• To better understand distinct regional patterns in urethral stricture aetiology and location among distinct regional populations. Patients and Methods• Data on 2589 patients who underwent urethroplasty from 2000 to 2011 were collected retrospectively from three clinical sites, including 1646 patients from Italy, 715 from India and 228 from the USA.• Data from all sites were single-surgeon series. As the data from the Italian and US cohorts were similar in aetiology, location and demographics, we combined these data to form group 1, and compared this group with men in the Indian cohort, group 2. • Age, stricture site and primary stricture aetiology were identified for each patient. Stricture site and primary aetiology were determined by the treating surgeon. Primary aetiology was defined as iatrogenic, trauma including pelvic-fracture-related urethral injury (PFUI), lichen sclerosus (LS), infectious, congenital, or unknown. Results• There were more penile strictures (27 vs 5%) and fewer posterior urethral stenoses (9 vs 34%) in group 1.• There were more iatrogenic strictures identified in group 1 (35 vs 16%). When comparing the aetiology of iatrogenic strictures alone, more strictures in group 1 were attributable to failed hypospadias repair (49 vs 16%).• More patients presented with LS (22 vs 7%) and external trauma (36 vs 16%) in group 2.• Prevalence of strictures of infectious aetiology was low (1%) with similar proportions between the two groups. Conclusions• We have shown that significant regional differences in stricture aetiology exist in a large multicentre cohort study. Group 1 had a higher proportion of penile strictures, largely owing to more iatrogenic strictures and, in particular, failed hypospadias repair. Group 2 had a higher proportion of PFUI and LS-associated urethal stricture.• Identified infection-related urethral stricture was rare in all cohorts. • Significant regional differences in stricture aetiology exist and should be considered when analysing international outcomes after urethroplasty. These data may also help the development of international disease prevention and treatment strategies.