PRF+ ALN treated defects exhibited better clinical and radiographic outcomes suggestive of enhanced periodontal regeneration when compared to PRF alone treated sites.

Background: Frenal attachments are thin folds of mucous membrane with enclosed muscle fibers that attach the lips to the alveolar mucosa and underlying periosteum. It also has septomaxillary ligament that transmits septal growth force to premaxilla. Most often, during the oral examination of the patient the dentist gives very little importance to the frenum, for assessing its morpholology and attachment. However, it has been seen that an abnormal frenum can be an indicator of a syndrome or can cause severe mucogingival problems and prevalence of unaesthetic diastema. Objective: So, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the variations in morphology and attachment of Frenum in diverse population. Materials and methods: The present cross-sectional study enrolled 400 patients comprising both males and females within the age group of 20-40 years. The frenal attachment was recorded according to the classification by Mirko et al. (1974) and . The data was arranged in a tabulated form and analyzed using SPSS software. Chi square test was used for the analysis of the data. Results: Around 61.3%, 30.3%,26.7% of the population in age group 20-30 showed gingival, papillary, papilla penetrating type of frenal attachment respectively. Presence of diastema was seen in 63.6% of female population and 36.4% in male population. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the type of frenal attachment varies with the ethnicity of the population and that diastema is more prevalent amongst females with papilla penetrating type of frenal attachment.

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Background: For any esthetic treatment planning, the shape and form of gingiva should be a prime factor of concern. The correct identification of gingival phenotype (GP) ensures a firm foundation for future health and prognosis of the treatment indicated. Hence, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the correlation between the GP in the anterior esthetic zone with different types of maloclussion and severity of crowding. Materials and Methods: A total of 110 periodontally healthy controls were equally divided into two groups depending on the type of malocclusion. They were further divided according to the levels of dental crowding as mild, moderate, and severe. GP was measured on the anterior esthetic teeth using transgingival probing, and width of the attached gingiva (WAG) was measured using histochemical staining method. Results: In severe crowding group, the GP in 12 and 22 region was found to be thick ( P = 0.035) while, in 32 and 42 region was thin ( P = 0.042). The WAG shows a significant difference between WAG with 23 in severe crowding group with P = 0.042, whereas there was no significant relationship found between the GP with Angle's classification. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study, it can be concluded that the teeth in the maxillary and mandibular anterior esthetic region showed the thin phenotype. When the severity of crowding increases, the GP and WAG vary depending on the position of the tooth. There is no association between the Angle's classification and the mean GP of the maxillary and mandibular anterior region teeth.