Quantitative analysis of gingival phenotype in different types of malocclusion in the anterior esthetic zone

Abstract

Background: For any esthetic treatment planning, the shape and form of gingiva should be a prime factor of concern. The correct identification of gingival phenotype (GP) ensures a firm foundation for future health and prognosis of the treatment indicated. Hence, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the correlation between the GP in the anterior esthetic zone with different types of maloclussion and severity of crowding. Materials and Methods: A total of 110 periodontally healthy controls were equally divided into two groups depending on the type of malocclusion. They were further divided according to the levels of dental crowding as mild, moderate, and severe. GP was measured on the anterior esthetic teeth using transgingival probing, and width of the attached gingiva (WAG) was measured using histochemical staining method. Results: In severe crowding group, the GP in 12 and 22 region was found to be thick ( P = 0.035) while, in 32 and 42 region was thin ( P = 0.042). The WAG shows a significant difference between WAG with 23 in severe crowding group with P = 0.042, whereas there was no significant relationship found between the GP with Angle's classification. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study, it can be concluded that the teeth in the maxillary and mandibular anterior esthetic region showed the thin phenotype. When the severity of crowding increases, the GP and WAG vary depending on the position of the tooth. There is no association between the Angle's classification and the mean GP of the maxillary and mandibular anterior region teeth.

Difference in Buccal Gingival Thickness between the Mandible and Maxilla in the Aesthetic Zone: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Most of the studies, specifically 12 out of 17, focused on mid-buccal measurements ( Table 3 ). Most measurements were conducted mid-buccally along the long axis of the tooth [ 4 , 21 , 26 , 31 , 32 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ]. Alternatively, measurements of gingival thickness were taken between the teeth, i.e., in interdental areas [ 21 , 31 , 36 , 38 ].…”

Effects of orthodontic treatment on porphyromonas gingivalis, gingipains and gingival inflammation

“…Environmental factors, such as illnesses, poor oral hygiene, disorders involving dental replacement, trauma, periodontal disease and other causes, can also sontribute to malocclusion. 13,14 Patients' oral health, facial appearance and oral function are all negatively impacted by malocclusion. As previously reported, there is a strong correlation between gingival inflammation and P.g and its gingipains.…”

Fenótipo Periodontal: uma Visão Clínica e Atual

“…Em estudo de Alkan et al, constatou-se que o fenótipo gengival fino foi 29,8% mais comum no grupo classe II de Angle, grupo de apinhamento severo e em mulheres (34). Desarmonizando com tal achado, em 2020, Rathod et al tiveram como conclusão não mostrar relação significativa entre o fenótipo gengival e a má oclusão de acordo com a classificação de Angle (36).…”

“…No presente estudo, concluíram que o fenótipo espesso foi observado em 76,9% dos indivíduos masculinos, e em mulheres foi de apenas 13,3%. Já em relação ao fenótipo fino em homens foi visto 5,4%, já em seguida divididos conforme seu nível de apinhamento dentário (36). Foram avaliados os dentes anteriores da área estética, determinando por meio da transparência da sonda periodontal o fenótipo gengival e a largura da gengiva inserida pelo método de coloração histoquímica.…”

“…Foram avaliados os dentes anteriores da área estética, determinando por meio da transparência da sonda periodontal o fenótipo gengival e a largura da gengiva inserida pelo método de coloração histoquímica. O estudo teve como resultado a ausência de relação significativa entre o fenótipo gengival e a má oclusão de acordo com a classificação de Angle (36).…”