BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has been a global challenge since its first encounter. It has changed the daily lives of families including the sexual behavior of couples due to public health concerns and government policy to restrict people’s movement. It has changed both interpersonal and partner relationships; the time availability at home, the continued presence of children at home, the fear of infection, and the inability to physically interact with others have changed most people’s sexual behavior. AIM: This study aims to evaluate sexual behavior changes in marriage people of Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A cross-sectional online study was conducted, using self-constructed questionnaires. The convenience sample was collected from married males and females for at least 10 months from November 2020 to January 2021. The participants were asked 19 and 20 questions for female and male, respectively, which was an adaptation of the previous questionnaires. Furthermore, a study was conducted to analyze descriptively the changes of sexuality among married people before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: About 201 participants who completed the survey, 110 males (54.7%) and 91 females (45.3%) were included in the analyses. The mean age of participants was 37 years old. Most of the participants have middle to high socio-economy classes and have children at home. Shifting in the work schedule is the main reason to change sexual behaviors. Participants experienced significant changes in sexual behaviors and some sexual responses before and during the restriction time. CONCLUSION: The pandemic has changed sexual behaviors due to social restrictions in Indonesia. These findings imply messages about the consequences of the pandemic on sexual behaviors that may affect the sexual relationship, marriage stability, and physical health itself to fight coronavirus.
Background: LenshookeTM Semen Quality Analyzer (SQA) X1 Pro is an automated semen analysis. The accuracy of LenshookeTM SQA X1 Pro has never been analyzed with World Health Organization (WHO) standard method. Aim: This study aims to examine whether the LenshookeTM SQA X1 Pro method provides reliable results according to the WHO standard method. Methods: This study was a laboratory analytic observational study using 60 patients in Andrology clinic of Dr. Soetomo Hospital. The concentration, progressive motility (PR), total motile sperm count (TMSC), and morphology results of the LenshookeTM SQA X1 Pro and standard method were analyzed statistically using correlation, Bland Altman, and diagnostic test. Results: Significant correlation between two methods were found in all parameters (concentration: r = 0,970; PR: r = 0,781; TMSC: r = 0,952; morphology: r = 0,568). The mean difference for concentration, PR, TMSC, and morphology between the two examination methods were 1,165 million/ml, 7,05%, 7,584 million/ejaculate, and 2,25%. However, it found that the correlation and agreement were weaker in sample with low number of spermatozoa per high power field. The results revealed a sensitivity of 100%, 81%, and 59% for oligozoospermia, astenozoospermia, and teratozoospermia, respectively. The specificities were shown to be 100%, 74%, and 100% for oligozoospermia, astenozoospermia, and teratozoospermia, respectively. Conclusion: The LenshookeTM SQA X1 Pro gives a reliable result for determining oligozoospermia and asthenozoospermia, but in the situation that the clinicians need the accurate data, standard method should be used.
ABSTRAK Pandemi coronavirus disease (COVID-19) telah menjadi masalah di seluruh dunia. diketahui bahwa COVID-19 dapat mempengaruhi banyak organ dalam tubuh manusia, seperti paru-paru, ginjal, jantung, dan testis. Efek COVID-19 pada kesuburan pria masih menjadi kekhawatiran oleh para penyintas. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberikan edukasi dan informasi kepada para penyintas COVID-19 mengenai dampak infeksi pasca-COVID-19 terhadap kesuburan pria. Kami melakukan sesi konseling dan analisis semen para penyintas COVID-19 di RS Indrapura, Surabaya, untuk menginformasikan dan mengevaluasi pengaruh penyakit tersebut terhadap kesuburan mereka. Sebanyak 10 peserta setuju untuk memeriksakan spermanya di Unit Andrologi RS Soetomo Surabaya. Sebelum pemeriksaan, kami melakukan penyuluhan dan edukasi masyarakat kepada para Survivor COVID-19 di RSUD Indrapura dengan menggunakan platform zoom meeting. Konseling yang kami berikan menjelaskan bagaimana COVID-19 dapat memengaruhi status kesuburan pria dan bagaimana melakukan aktivitas seksual yang aman selama pandemi. Hasil dari analisis semen didapatkan teratozoospermia 70%, oligoashtenozoospermia berat 10%, oligozoospermia berat 10%, dan azoospermia post centrifuge 10%. Konseling dan analisis semen para penyintas COVID-19 merupakan langkah penting dalam mengedukasi dan mengevaluasi status kesuburan pria. Partisipan diinformasikan dan memahami status kesuburannya setelah terinfeksi COVID-19. Kata kunci: konseling, coronavirus, pandemi, analisis semen, kesuburan pria ABSTRACT The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has been a problem worldwide. It has been known that COVID-19 could affect many organs in the human body, such as the lungs, kidneys, cardiovascular, and testes. The effect of COVID-19 on male fertility is still a concern for many survivors.This community service activity aims to provide education and information to COVID-19 survivors regarding the impact of post-COVID-19 infection on male fertility. We do a counseling session and semen analysis of COVID-19 survivors in Indrapura Hospital, Surabaya, to inform and evaluate the effect of the disease on their fertility. A total of 10 participants agreed to check their semen in Andrology Unit, Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya. Before the examination, we performed community counseling and education of the COVID-19 Survivors in Indrapura Hospital using a zoom meeting. The counseling we give explains how COVID-19 could affect male fertility status and how to do safe sexual activity during pandemics. The results of the semen analysis are teratozoospermia 70%, severe oligoashtenozoospermia 10%, severe oligozoospermia 10%, and azoospermia post centrifuge 10%. Counseling, and semen analysis of the COVID-19 survivors is an essential step in educating and evaluating male fertility status. Participants were informed and understood their fertility status after being infected by COVID-19. Keywords: counseling, coronavirus, pandemic, semen analysis, male fertility
Introduction: Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT) is the standard treatment for male late-onset hypogonadism. Short-acting and long-acting testosterone are currently available treatments and have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The administration of exogenous testosterone is known to increase sperm production and T levels in men suffering from late-onset hypogonadism. However, limited research compares the efficacy of these two types of TRT. Objective: This study aims to compare the efficacy of short-acting and long-acting testosterone replacement therapy on sperm production and T levels in men suffering from late-onset hypogonadism. Methods: We searched for electronic databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED), and Google using keywords. All studies were evaluated by three independent reviewers who resolved differences by consensus. Results: We identified 21 studies that met our inclusion criteria. After applying the inclusion criteria, only 21 database sources remain for further analysis. Conclusion: Long-acting formulas affect blood more. RCTs show TU boosts libido and testosterone. Male infertility may result from long-acting TU blocking LH and FSH. TRP improves erections by increasing motile sperm and libido. Peanut allergy-related short-acting TRT causes nausea, itching, and injection-site pain.
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