Background: LenshookeTM Semen Quality Analyzer (SQA) X1 Pro is an automated semen analysis. The accuracy of LenshookeTM SQA X1 Pro has never been analyzed with World Health Organization (WHO) standard method. Aim: This study aims to examine whether the LenshookeTM SQA X1 Pro method provides reliable results according to the WHO standard method. Methods: This study was a laboratory analytic observational study using 60 patients in Andrology clinic of Dr. Soetomo Hospital. The concentration, progressive motility (PR), total motile sperm count (TMSC), and morphology results of the LenshookeTM SQA X1 Pro and standard method were analyzed statistically using correlation, Bland Altman, and diagnostic test. Results: Significant correlation between two methods were found in all parameters (concentration: r = 0,970; PR: r = 0,781; TMSC: r = 0,952; morphology: r = 0,568). The mean difference for concentration, PR, TMSC, and morphology between the two examination methods were 1,165 million/ml, 7,05%, 7,584 million/ejaculate, and 2,25%. However, it found that the correlation and agreement were weaker in sample with low number of spermatozoa per high power field. The results revealed a sensitivity of 100%, 81%, and 59% for oligozoospermia, astenozoospermia, and teratozoospermia, respectively. The specificities were shown to be 100%, 74%, and 100% for oligozoospermia, astenozoospermia, and teratozoospermia, respectively. Conclusion: The LenshookeTM SQA X1 Pro gives a reliable result for determining oligozoospermia and asthenozoospermia, but in the situation that the clinicians need the accurate data, standard method should be used.

Introduction: This study aims to investigate the relationship between Neutrophil- Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) with Erectile Dysfunction (ED) and Peyronie's disease (PD). Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis of the observational study by searching for the appropriate keywords in eight databases. The risk of publication bias of the included studies was assessed by Egger's test and Kendall's t. The data extraction was carried out for each study and analysed using Revman 5.0. Results: There were eleven eligible studies out of the 411 studies retrieved. Eight studies were conducted on cases of erectile dysfunction, and three studies on Peyronie's disease. There was a significant relationship between NLR, PLR and ED (SMD: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.33-0.85 and SMD: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.13-1.16, respectively). The same was also found for PD. The active phase of PD tended to have higher NLR (SMD: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.43-0.92) and PLR (SMD: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.06-0.49) compared to the chronic phase. No publication bias was found in both ED and PD studies. Conclusions: NLR and PLR indicate an ongoing inflammatory process in both ED and PD. These findings can be used as markers of treatment and prognosis of both diseases in sexual health care.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effects of soybean (Glycine max) administration on ZP2 expression in female mice.Methods: This research used Mus musculus, six-weekold female SWISS strain mice divided into three groups (group without soybean administration and groups with mixed feed with soybeans and pelleted 50:50 and 25:75). Soybean feed for mice was 360 grams per kilogram of mouse body weight for 2 weeks. The percentage of follicles was measured and analyzed using Hematoxylin-Eosin staining, and the expression of ZP2 was analyzed using immunohistochemistry. We assessed the data using oneway ANOVA and paired t-test using the SPSS 17.Results: Some of the follicles in the ovaries do not develop until their final stage of follicle maturation. The administration of soybean before and after treatment in all groups was not significantly different, but the numbers of atretic follicles in groups 1 and 2 were significantly different. Soybean administration at a ratio of 50:50 has the effect of increasing the percentage of the ZP2 expression in tertiary follicles (p=0.001), whereas soybean administration at a ratio of 25:75 was not able to maintain or increase the formation of ZP2 in tertiary follicles (p=0.77). Conclusion:Soybean administration with a ratio of 50:50 significantly increased the percentage of the ZP2 expression in tertiary follicles.

Background: Around 10 % of infertile men and 1 percent of all males have azoospermia. There are two types of azoospermia, which are obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermia. Non-obstructive azoospermia's main mechanism is because the testes fail to produce the sex hormone and induce spermatogenesis (primary testicular failure). Case: A patient is 28 years old and has a job as a car paint worker. He came with the chief complaint of infertility since two and a half years ago. He and his wife were having intercourse 3-4 times a week. Past medical history is unremarkable. His wife’s medical history is also unremarkable. Physical examination and ultrasound of the testes are normal. The semen analysis in this patient was azoospermia for 2 different times in the span of 2 weeks with no abnormalities in the accessory gland. Hormonal profiles results are testosterone level 2,32 ng/mL and FSH 15,03 mIU/mL, which indicatehypergonadotropic hypogonadism. The patient was suggested to evaluate further (complete hormonal profile, karyotyping analysis, and Y-Chromosome microdeletion) and educate about the possibility to conceive with assisted reproductive technology (ART). Discussion: Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism is a challenging case that needs a complete assessment such as complete hormonal profile, karyotyping analysis, Y-chromosome microdeletion analysis, and also, in this case, the paint thinner exposure in the workplace is needed to be considered. The chance of normal conception is very small, and the assisted reproductive procedure is necessary. Conclusion: Some abnormalities are usually present in the physical examination of azoospermia patients. This case convinces us of the importance of thorough history taking and other investigations. Managing this patient will be challenging, with the goal of the therapy is to achieve spermatogenesis to be able to use the spermatozoa available for ICSI.

Introduction: Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT) is the standard treatment for male late-onset hypogonadism.  Short-acting and long-acting testosterone are currently available treatments and have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The administration of exogenous testosterone is known to increase sperm production and T levels in men suffering from late-onset hypogonadism. However, limited research compares the efficacy of these two types of TRT. Objective: This study aims to compare the efficacy of short-acting and long-acting testosterone replacement therapy on sperm production and T levels in men suffering from late-onset hypogonadism. Methods: We searched for electronic databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED), and Google using keywords. All studies were evaluated by three independent reviewers who resolved differences by consensus. Results: We identified 21 studies that met our inclusion criteria. After applying the inclusion criteria, only 21 database sources remain for further analysis. Conclusion: Long-acting formulas affect blood more. RCTs show TU boosts libido and testosterone. Male infertility may result from long-acting TU blocking LH and FSH. TRP improves erections by increasing motile sperm and libido. Peanut allergy-related short-acting TRT causes nausea, itching, and injection-site pain.