The Michael addition of amines with enones for synthesizing β‐amino carbonyls constitutes a valuable transformation in organic chemistry. While various catalyst have been made available for catalyzing the Michael addition of aromatic amines to enones but there is no report of using α‐amylase enzyme to catalyze this transformation. The α‐amylase from Aspergillus oryzae was found to catalyze the Michael addition of various aryl (hetero) amines to methyl vinyl ketone with high catalytic efficiency (63–83% yield). A hybrid of α‐amylase with copper nanoparticle (α‐amylase@CuNPs) has been prepared and used to catalyze this transformation as a reusable catalyst. Further, an application of α‐amylase catalyzed aza‐Michael addition in the cascade reactions has been exhibited by synthesizing biologically important 3‐acetyl quinoline. In addition, molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies are carried out to get insight into the key interactions of the substrates with the amino acid residues near the active site and the probable reaction mechanism, which reveals Glu230 and Asn295 play a crucial role in the substrate activation process.
:
Several easy, efficient and convenient procedures to access indoles fused heterocyclic systems are described in this
review. These heterocyclic systems were synthesized from several cyclic or acyclic molecules via a variety of reactions such as
Diels-Alder reaction, Michael addition, Morita-Baylis-Hillmann reaction and many other domino/Cascade approaches with high
selectivity. Most of the given protocols in this review proceed though organocatalytic pathways, however some underwent via
different catalytic and non-catalytic reactions.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.