This paper reviews Bayesian methods that have been developed in recent years to estimate and evaluate dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models. We consider the estimation of linearized DSGE models, the evaluation of models based on Bayesian model checking, posterior odds comparisons, and comparisons to vector autoregressions, as well as the non-linear estimation based on a second-order accurate model solution. These methods are applied to data generated from correctly specified and misspecified linearized DSGE models and a DSGE model that was solved with a second-order perturbation method.

This paper reviews Bayesian methods that have been developed in recent years to estimate and evaluate dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models. We consider the estimation of linearized DSGE models, the evaluation of models based on Bayesian model checking, posterior odds comparisons, and comparisons to vector autoregressions, as well as the non-linear estimation based on a second-order accurate model solution. These methods are applied to data generated from correctly specified and misspecified linearized DSGE models and a DSGE model that was solved with a second-order perturbation method.Bayesian analysis, DSGE models, Model evaluation, Vector autoregressions,

This paper describes a thermal transpiration-driven multistage Knudsen pump for vacuum pumping applications. This type of pump relies upon the motion of gas molecules from the cold end to the hot end of a channel in which the flow is restricted to the free molecular or transitional regimes. To achieve a high compression ratio, 48 stages are cascaded in series in a single chip. A five-mask, single silicon wafer process is used for monolithic integration of the designed Knudsen pump. The pump has several monolithically integrated Pirani gauges to experimentally measure the vacuum pumping characteristics of the pump. It has a footprint of 10.35 × 11.45 mm 2 . For an input power of 1350 mW, the fabricated pump self-evacuates the encapsulated cavities from 760 to ≈50 Torr, resulting in a compression ratio of 15. It also pumps down from 250 to ≈5 Torr, resulting in a compression ratio of 50. Each integrated Pirani gauge requires ≈3.9 mW of power consumption, and its response is sufficiently sensitive in the operating pressure range of 760-1 Torr.

This paper investigates a two-part architecture for a Knudsen vacuum pump with no moving parts. This type of pump exploits the thermal transpiration that results from the free-molecular flow in nonisothermal channels. For a high compression ratio, 162 stages are serially cascaded. The two-part architecture uses 54 stages designed for the pressure range from 760 to ≈50 Torr, and 108 stages designed for lower pressures. This approach provides greater compression ratio and speed than using a uniform design for each stage. Finite element simulations and analytical design analysis are presented. A five-mask singlewafer fabrication process is used for monolithic integration of the Knudsen pump that has a footprint of 12 × 15 mm 2 . The pressure levels of each stage are measured by integrated Pirani gauges. Experimental evaluation shows that, using an input power of ≈0.39 W, the evacuated chamber is reduced from 760 to ≈0.9 Torr, resulting in a compression ratio of ≈844. The vacuum levels are sustained during 37 days of continuous operation.[2013-0138]

This paper reviews Bayesian methods that have been developed in recent years to estimate and evaluate dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models. We consider the estimation of linearized DSGE models, the evaluation of models based on Bayesian model checking, posterior odds comparisons, and comparisons to vector autoregressions, as well as the nonlinear estimation based on a second-order accurate model solution. These methods are applied to data generated from correctly specified and misspecified linearized DSGE models, and a DSGE model that was solved with a second-order perturbation method. (JEL C11, C32, C51, C52)

We report nanoscale scanned probe ferromagnetic resonance force microscopy (FMRFM) imaging of individual ferromagnetic microstructures. This reveals the mechanism for high spatial resolution in FMRFM imaging: the strongly inhomogeneous local magnetic field of the cantilever mounted micromagnetic probe magnet used in FMRFM enables selective, local excitation of ferromagnetic resonance (FMR). This approach, demonstrated here in individual permalloy disks, is straightforwardly extended to excitation of localized FMR modes, and hence imaging in extended films.

Magnetic and structural properties of ultrafine Ni-Zn-Cu ferrite grown by a sol-gel methodCo-Ti substituted M-type hexagonal barium ferrite nanoparticles BaFe 12Ϫ2x Co x Ti x O 19 (0рx р1.0) have been prepared by a sol-gel method. Magnetic and structural properties of the powders were characterized with a Mössbauer spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer, x-ray diffraction ͑XRD͒, thermogravimetry ͑TG͒, and differential thermal analysis ͑DTA͒. The decomposition of amorphous hydroxides in the dried precipitate continued until 570°C, according to a TG-DTA analysis. The result of XRD measurements shows that the a and c lattice parameters increase with increasing x from aϭ5.882 and cϭ23.215 Å for xϭ0.0, to aϭ5.895 and c ϭ23.295 Å for xϭ1.0. The 57 Fe Mössbauer spectra were fitted by a least-squares technique with four subpatterns of Fe sites in the structure and corresponding to the 4 f 2 , 4f 1 ϩ2a, 12k, and 2b sites. The relative spectra areas of BaFe 10 CoTiO 19 at 295 K were 15%, 30%, 50%, and 5% for 4 f 2 , 4 f 1 ϩ2a, 12k, and 2b subspectra, respectively. The 2b site had a very large quadrupole splitting. The isomer shifts indicated that the valence states of the Fe ions were ferric. The magnetization slightly decreases and the coercivity, H C , drops dramatically from about 5014 to 228 Oe as x increases from 0.0 to 1.0. Co-Ti substituted barium hexaferrite to be controlled to reduce their coercivities with a small decrease of their magnetization.

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