The aim of this study is to screen a therapeutic agent with a cognitive function. The inhibitory effect of Curcuma longa hot water extract (CLWE) on the angiotension-converting enzyme and acetylcholinesterase derived from rabbit lungs and neural cells (PC12), as well as its antioxidant effect, was investigated in this study. Thus, for the first time, the direct scavenging effect of CLWE on DPPH radicals, superoxide anions, hydroxyl radicals, lipid peroxidation, reducing power, and the protective effect of DNA oxidation related to oxidative stress was evaluated in vitro. In addition, it was observed that CLWE especially exhibited a scavenging effect on reducing power and superoxide anions in this study. CLWE showed a protective effect on DNA oxidation produced by hydroxyl radicals. Furthermore, CLWE inhibited the activity of angiotensin-converting enzymes above 0.25%. Additionally, the extract inhibited oxidative stress and inducible nitric oxide in neuronal cells. Therefore, these results demonstrated that CLWE has antioxidant activity and neuronal cell protective effects, suggesting that it may have great potential as a natural source for human health.
Oxidative stress leads to damage in all components of the cell, including proteins, lipids, and DNA due to imbalance between reactive oxygen species production and cellular detoxification. Phytochemicals are well-known to contain antioxidants, and their physiological role has been intensively studied. The fruit of Cornus officianalis has been used in oriental medicine and has been reported to have many functions. In this study, four different extraction techniques were applied to extract functional components from the fruit of Cornus officianalis, and the content of loganin, which is an antioxidant having DPPH radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity and reducing power, was analyzed in each extract. Extraction techniques employed in this study were heat extraction by water, 70% ethanol extraction, enzyme treatment, and combination of enzyme treatment and heat extraction by water. All extracts contained 11.8-18.0 mg/g loganin and showed antioxidation function assayed by measuring DPPH radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity and reducing power. Among them, heat extraction was the most effective technique, showing a maximum amount of loganin (18.0 mg/g) and antioxidative activity at 100 mg/ml concentration. Each extract showed very low cytotoxicity up to at 500 mg/ml but 10-20% cytotoxicity at 1,000 mg/ml by in vitro MTT assay.
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