Sorption and desorption efficiency of Chlorosulfuron that is sulfonylurea herbicide was checked by selecting different minerals and two types of Pakistani soils that were different on spatial scale. In Pakistan, sulfonylurea herbicide is being used against wide varieties of broad leaf weeds and for some grasses as well. Results obtained after the experimental work showed that adsorption coefficient isotherm for Chlorosulfuron in tested soils data well fitted the Freundlich equation. In all the cases, slope n<1 was resembling the C type curve and isotherm was nonlinear. Due to low adsorption, distribution coefficient (Kd) parameters were also low. Results indicated that soil samples (silt loam) collected from northern hilly areas Ayubia, Khyber Pukhtunkhwa showed more adsorption for Chlorosulfuron herbicide i.e. 25.5% than the sandy soil of Multan Punjab. The major difference between the sorption capacities of both of the soil was due to the difference in soil organic matter and soil pH. Among both these factors, organic matter plays more significant role in sorption. Adsorption efficiency of synthesized compounds on different soil types of known composition can be predicted by the adsorption and desorption results of the present study.
Agrochemical-based soil and water contamination has been posing serious threats to ecological balance. Current research investigates the sorption and mobility behaviour of a Benzylurea insecticide, Chlorfluazuron (CFZ), by a standard batch equilibrium method. After investigation of soils' physical and chemical properties, sorption assays have been performed on five soils from agriculturally significant regions where CFZ can probably occur. CFZ expressed poor adsorption on the selected soils with linear adsorption coefficient, i.e. K d(ads) , ranging between 6.08 and 9.57 lg/mL and Freundlich adsorption coefficient K f(ads) having a range of 4.18-9.01 lg/mL. Linear and Freundlich models displayed correlation coefficient R 2 value to be [0.84 and 0.83, respectively, reflecting the goodness of fit of the experimental data. Furthermore, the mobility of CFZ was assessed using the McCall classification based on K oc values. CFZ expressed high mobility in soils with less adsorption. The adsorptive and desorptive interactions were highly dependent upon soil physicochemical characteristics. Based on the current investigation, CFZ can be predicted to be a potential threat for soils with a low adsorptive affinity towards it. Future investigations in this regard can consider the use of sustainable materials and procedure for CFZ decontamination in vulnerable soils.
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