Apathetic and disconnected from the political world, these are just two of the titles scientists, journalists and politicians have been attributing to youth. Hence, what factors weaken or encourage youth to participate in politics is forefront in academic and non-academic researches. Hence, in view of this context, the role of political socialization agents in engendering political activities among youth cannot be overstated. However, not much research is being carried out in this area. Thus, this study assessed the influence of family communicative environment and peer norms as political socialization agents on media and political participation. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on social sciences students of Pakistani universities. Questionnaire ( 228) was used to collect data which were analyzed by using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings revealed that among other political socialization agents, peer norms was found to be more significant for youth's media consumption and political behavior. In particular, results revealed that information consumption through traditional newspaper; TV and online newspaper led to political participation, centering political expression via interpersonal communication. Moreover, interpersonal communication is found to have direct influence on Pakistani youths political participation. This study provides an empirical justification for the potential of peer group as agent of political socialization for enhancing political activities among youth in Pakistan.
School bullying is recognised as a global issue that raises academic and practitioner concerns because of its adverse consequences on students' physical, mental, and subjective well-being. This study aims to comprehensively examine the area of research on school bullying by performing a bibliometric analysis of 634 publications between 1996 and August 2022 from the Scopus database. Apart from that, this study highlights the prolific and most influential countries, authors, sources and journal articles in the area, and the research topics on which researchers have been working. The findings showed that the USA, the UK, and China are the most productive countries in school bullying. Note that Smith, P.K. from UK and Espelage, D.L. from the US are the most active and among the most influential authors. The Journal of School Violence and the International Journal of Bullying Prevention are the most active journals, and the Journal of Adolescent Health and Aggressive Behavior are the most cited journals. Meanwhile, the journal article by Wang, Iannotti, and Nansel (2009) is the most cited article, being published in the most cited journals. Several areas that are currently well explored, such as victimisation, prevention, and cyberbullying, have been discovered. The analysis also presented some recently investigated keywords, such as mental health, peer aggression, bullying perpetration, and self-control, which can be explored further. This paper's findings trace the trend and contribute to the scholarly literature on collective school bullying knowledge. Received: 18 September 2022 / Accepted: 26 December 2022 / Published: 5 January 2023
Daily newspapers in the world are shrinking in many dimensions. All big or small newspapers are getting smaller in size, business and news circulation. The speed at which newspapers are shutting down is not much different from the early 20th century. Thus, most newspapers are shifting from conventional setting to online/ digital newspapers only. Since the last two decades, the business of newspaper has declined as many newspapers have migrated business and appearance online to retain print readers via online only consumers and attract new ones who are just netters in the world. This change has been noticed in all countries. Pakistan is also one among those countries in which new technology is being adopted in the field of media. Due to information communication technologies, most of the Pakistani print, electronic media organization has switched to online to keep pace with the developed world. Hence, most of the conventional/traditional newspapers become digital newspapers along with print publications. Therefore, this paper discusses the history and development of online newspapers. Digital media has the power to attract many young news consumers because of its convenience, ease of excess, update 24/7 and availability at any time. These features are the prime source of newspaper decline and a major source of digital media growth.
Young people are often characterized as apathetic and disconnected from the political world. Undoubtedly, their low rate of participation in general elections has increased concerns amongst researchers as well as policy makers. This concern has stimulated researchers to explore the factors which weaken or discourage youth engagement in political activities. Thus, this study assesses the role of family communicative environment, peer group communicative environment and school communicative environment as types of political socialization agents of political participation of youths. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 288 social science students in Pakistan. Questionnaires were used to collect data and the collected data was analyzed using SPSS 23. The findings revealed that family communicative environment and peer group communicative environment positively influence the political participation of youths. However, school communicative environment was found to influence political participation negatively. This study provides an empirical justification for the potential of family and peer group as agents of political socialization for enhancing political activities among youth in Pakistan.
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