Objective: The present study was to determine in vitro antioxidant and anticancer activity of Alpinia calcarata and Alpinia galanga.
Methods:The phytochemical screening of rhizome of aqueous extract of Alpinia calcarata and Alpinia galanga was performed using standard procedures. The total phenolic and flavonoid content were determined by Folin-Ciocalteau and Aluminium chloride reagents. The various antioxidant assays and cytotoxic assays (MTT) for Alpinia calcarata and Alpinia galanga was performed using standard methods (DPPH radical scavenging assay, Nitric oxide radical scavenging assay, Reducing power assay, Phosphomolybdenum reduction assay).
Results:The preliminary phytochemical screening of Alpinia calcarata and Alpinia galanga showed the presence of flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, carbohydrates and proteins. The phenolic content of aqueous extracts of rhizomes of Alpinia calcarata was 454.05 μg/mg and Alpinia galanga was 480.13 μg/mg and was expressed as gallic acid equivalent. The flavonoid content of aqueous extracts of rhizomes of Alpinia calcarata was 36.34 μg/mg and Alpinia galanga was 67.68 μg/mg and was expressed as quercetin equivalent. In DPPH assay, Alpinia galanga showed 95.36% whereas Alpinia calcarata showed 54.54% at 120 μg/ml. The maximum NO •
Conclusion:The results obtained in the present study indicate that rhizome of Alpinia galanga are abundant in phenols and flavanoids which may be useful for the development of the anticancer drug. radical scavenging activity was 59.44% for Alpinia calcarata and was 73.10% for Alpinia galanga at 120 µg/ml concentration. The maximum reducing property was found at the 120 μg/ml of aqueous extract of rhizomes of Alpinia galanga which was higher than the Alpinia calcarata. In Phosphomolybdenum assay, the aqueous extracts of rhizomes of Alpinia calcarata and Alpinia galanga were 55.47% and 78.38% respectively. The results of the present investigation indicated that rhizome of aqueous extract of Alpinia galanga showed the highest antioxidant activity in all the assays than Alpinia galanga. The cytotoxicity assay results indicated that rhizome of aqueous extract of Alpinia galanga showed 88.36% cell viability whereas Alpinia calcarata showed 73.59% cell viability.
Objective: The present study was to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity, and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) studies from the petals of fourdifferent Indian medicinal plants (Punica granatum, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Cassia auriculata, and Moringa oleifera).Methods: The phytochemical screening of the methanol extract of petals of four different Indian medicinal plants was performed using standardprocedures. The antimicrobial activity was tested against various test organisms using the agar disc diffusion method.Results: The preliminary phytochemical screening for petals of four different medicinal plants revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins,and saponins. From the above study, the results indicated that the methanol extract of M. oleifera petals showed the highest antimicrobial activityagainst Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis with zone of inhibition 17.93 and 23.40, respectively, at the concentration of 20 µl/ml and alsoshowed the maximum inhibitory activity at the highest concentration (20 µl/ml) than the lowest concentration (5 µl/ml) against Gram-negativebacteria such as Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Gram-positive B. subtilis and S. aureus. TLC studies of methanolextracts of petals of Indian medicinal plants revealed the presence of different phytoconstituents as evidenced by separated compounds with differentRf values.Conclusion: The results obtained in the present study indicate that the petals of four different Indian medicinal plants showed the highest antibacterialactivity and can be used as an antibacterial agent against bacterial diseases.Keywords: Phytochemicals, Antibacterial activity, Thin-layer chromatography.
The study found that C. spicatus extract had a beneficial effect on body weight and blood glucose levels in diabetic rats. Additionally, the extract contained polyphenol compounds with antioxidant, enzyme inhibition, and antiglycation activity. The blood glucose levels of the experimental groups were measured over a 28-day period, and the lipid profile was also assessed. The important result of this study is that the plant extract from C.spicatus was able to recover the antioxidant activity parameters, as well as improve the activity of glycolysis enzymes in the kidney of diabetic rats. This suggests that the plant extract has potential as a natural remedy for diabetes and its complications. Diabetic control + C.spicatus 500 mg/kg at 0.99 ± 0.05ab, Pyruvate kinase as a normal control at 20.01 ± 0.05a and 14.41 ± 1.2c, and Glucose-6-Phosphatase Dehydrogenase as a normal control at 0.52 ± 0.02a and Diabetic control + C.spicatus 500 mg/kg at 0.66 ± 0.05c. The study found that the C. spicatus leaf extract was effective in improving the antioxidant activity of important parameters such as SOD, CAT, GPx, and GR, and protected against hyperglycemia and oxidative damage in type 2 diabetes-induced hepatorenal functions both in vitro and in vivo. The kidney glycolysis enzymes, Hexokinase, Pyruvate kinase, and Glucose-6-Phosphatase Dehydrogenase, also showed improvement in the experimental group. Overall, the C. spicatus leaf extract proved to be effective in protecting against hyperglycemia and oxidative damage in type 2 diabetes-induced hepatorenal functions in both in vitro and in vivo studies.
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