In the framework of the German Indonesian Tsunami Early Warning System (GITEWS) the assessment of tsunami risk is an essential part of the overall activities. The scientific and technical approach for the tsunami risk assessment has been developed and the results are implemented in the national Indonesian Tsunami Warning Centre and are provided to the national and regional disaster management and spatial planning institutions in Indonesia. <br><br> The paper explains the underlying concepts and applied methods and shows some of the results achieved in the GITEWS project (Rudloff et al., 2009). The tsunami risk assessment has been performed at an overview scale at sub-national level covering the coastal areas of southern Sumatra, Java and Bali and also on a detailed scale in three pilot areas. The results are provided as thematic maps and GIS information layers for the national and regional planning institutions. From the analyses key parameters of tsunami risk are derived, which are integrated and stored in the decision support system of the national Indonesian Early Warning Centre. Moreover, technical descriptions and guidelines were elaborated to explain the developed approach, to allow future updates of the results and the further development of the methodologies, and to enable the local authorities to conduct tsunami risk assessment by using their own resources

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Plantlets of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) derived from somatic embryos sometimes do not form well developed-roots. Root formation of unrooted-plantlets can be induced with auxin during ex vitro acclimatization period to simplify the procedure and to reduce seedling production cost. Experiments were conducted using a completely randomized design to determine the effect of different types of auxin, i.e. indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), and 1-naphthalene-acetic acid (NAA) at different concentrations, i.e. 0, 2, 4, 8, and 16 mM on root development of oil palm plantlets. The plantlets used were derived from somatic embryos of MK 649 oil palm clone. The basal end of the shoots was dipped in auxin solution for 10 minutes before the shoot was cultured in a small plastic pot containing a mixed growing medium. The cultures were then placed inside a closed transparent plastic tunnel (240 cm x 100 cm x 95 cm) for 12 weeks. The results showed that without auxin treatment only 15% of the shoots formed roots. Dipping in auxin solution increased significantly root frequency to more than 50%. The best root formation was found on the shoots treated with 2 mM NAA by which rooting frequency was 80%. Auxin treatments also increased root quality as indicated by more number of primary and secondary roots. IAA, IBA, and NAA treatments at all concentrations tested increased significantly shoot height on average by 42% and shoot diameter by 30% compared to control treatment, but did not influence root length. The best treatment for inducing roots of oil palm plantlets ex vitro was by dipping the basal end of the plantlets in 2 mM NAA solution. The result showed that rooting of oil palm plantlets could be successfully conducted ex vitro that would eliminate sterile rooting stage thus simplify the protocol and reduce seedling production time and cost.

This research aimed to identify the participation level of communities in the management program of Sorong Nature Tourism Park (NTP) and to provide alternative recommendations that can be used to support the success of the management program based on community participation. The results of the research showed that community participation in the management of Sorong NTP had the highest values in the household group (15 respondents or 40,54%) and the lowest was group leader (1 respondent or 2,70%), similar with the intensity of community participation. Community participation in Sorong NTP includes group leaders, interest group, head of household, women/housewives and youth. The participation level was categorized into very inactive and inactive, influenced by community participation function which generally occurred inthe form of implementing activity and intensity of participation of society element in the form of providing consultation and information. Management efforts include seeking legal aspects of the area to be the basis of management programs, seeking the payment of customary rights to ensure the existence of claims-related areas of the community, involving communities in planning, maintenance, management, decision-making, initiating action and control programs, and increasing the frequency of socialization and counseling to provide insight into the community about the economic means and the ecological meaning of the results of management program.

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