context, stress has been defined as an emotional experience associated with nervousness, tension, and strain. [2,3] The impact of job strain on health functioning and sense of well-being have been reported in only a few recent studies. There was study on the cumulative effects of job strain on health status in a large cohort of women in the United States, with repeated measures of job characteristics. They hypothesized that job strain not only predicts poor health status but also accelerates functional decline over time. [4-6] Our aim is to study the health status in working women and nonworking women using sf-36 questionnaire. Materials and Methods Study population consisted of women (N = 69) from Mangalore, Karnataka, India. Among them 57 were working women and 12 were nonworking women. RAND 36-Item Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire was filled after taking informed consent from them. Background: Many studies have established the adverse effects of job strain on the health status of women. In this study, we will try to compare the health status in working and nonworking women using standard Short Form (SF)-36 questionnaire. The SF-36 is a widely used questionnaire for measuring physical and mental health status. These are multidimensional measures of self-reported health status. At the end of this scientific study, working women will have some understanding about their physical and psychological well-being. Objective: To study the health status in working women and nonworking women using SF-36 questionnaire. Materials and Methods: SF-36 (1992 Medical Outcomes Trust) questionnaire was administered to collect data. The following 8 scales were measured and expressed as scores ranging from 0 to 100: physical functioning, role limitations because of physical health problems, role limitations because of emotional health problems, energy and fatigue, emotional well-being, social functioning, freedom from bodily pain, and general health. Result: Working women showed less scores of emotional health when compared with nonworking women (p = 0.16), which was statistically not significant. Overall, the general health scale was considerably less in working women when compared with nonworking women (p = 0.54). Conclusion: Working women revealed significantly less scores of mental health when compared with nonworking women.

Introduction: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease found in all tropical and temperate areas of the world. Humans contract leptospira through mucosal or percutaneous exposure to environments contaminated by the urine of chronically infected animal sources mainly rodents, dogs, pigs and cattle.Objectives: It is known that IgM ELISA is used widely to diagnose leptospirosis in acute stage of illness.Our aim is to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of a molecular technique like PCR in reference to the serological test Pan Bio, IgM ELISA, and its usefulness as a diagnostic test in the diagnosis of leptospirosis. Methods:The patients included 85 males and 15 females, age 2yrs-78 yrs, (median age, 40yrs). Common presenting symptoms were Fever, myalgia, jaundice, nausea and vomiting, oliguria and acute renal failure. Blood samples were drawn during the acute phase of illness, Conclusions: PCR is a sensitive and specific technique which can detect the presence of DNA in the very early stage of the disease; Results of PCR can give us a presumptive diagnosis of leptospirosis in early phase of illness (1-7days) compared to Pan Bio IgM ELISA. Hence PCR together with IgM ELISA can be used to confirm the diagnosis, in the acute stage (1-15days) of the infection. Journal of Biology and Life ScienceISSN 2157-6076 2011, Vol. 2, No. 1: E2

No abstract

No abstract

Aims and Objective:To determine the role of Moringa oleifera on total platelet count alterations (T-PC) in rats treated with cadmium. Materials and Methods: In the present study female adult Wistar Albino rats, (180-200) gm were divided into, Group I-normal control, Group II-pretreated control, group III-cadmium treated , group IV-pre-treated with Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MOE) and then administered oral cadmium for a day, with n=6 each RESULTS : Indicate that the pre-treatment with MOE (100 mg/kg/bw) prior to cadmium infusion augmented the level of total platelet count (p≤0.001) as compared to the cadmium-exposed group, which might have a role in clotting mechanisms also. Conclusion: Moringa oleifera extract has a beneficial effect on platelet count in cadmium-induced animal model.

A large number of nanoparticles are present in the environment in which some are unintentionally produced; ultra fine particles or intentionally produced engineered nanoparticle (ENPs). The carbon based ENPs include singlewalled and multi walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs and MWCNTs), spherical fullerenes and dendrimers. Among all ENPs, the carbon based ENPs are attracting much attention for potential biomedical applications, such as biosensors design, drug design, drug delivery, tumor therapy and tissue engineering, because of their electronic, optical and mechanical properties. The pristine CNTs are inert in nature so it needs to be functionalized to make it reactive. The functionalization appends different functional group e.g. C=O, CO ,-OH and-COOH to CNTs, which make it dispersible and suitable for different applications. The biocompatibility of these functionalized CNTs and their composite has to be tested before real time applications in the biological system. Determining the toxicity of CNT is the most persistent questions in nanotechnology. Inconsistent reports on toxicity of CNTs often appear in the literature and a mechanistic explanation of the reported toxicity remains incomprehensible. Results from various scientific tests on cells have so far proven confusing, with some results indicating it to be highly toxic and others showing no signs of toxicity. Several toxicity mechanisms have been proposed for CNTs including interruption of trans membrane electron transfer, disruption/penetration of the cell envelope, oxidation of cell components, and production of secondary products such as dissolved heavy metal ions or reactive oxygen species (ROS).Toxicity of a CNT sample is dependent on its composition along with its geometry and surface functionalization. Several studies have suggested that wellfunctionalized CNTs are safe to animal cells, while raw CNTs or CNTs without functionalization show severe toxicity to animal or human cells at even moderate dosage.