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Accumulating evidence suggests that certain chronic pain conditions may increase risk for incident Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD). Rigorous longitudinal research remains relatively sparse, and the relation of overall chronic pain condition burden to ADRD risk remains little studied, as has the potential mediating role of sleep and mood disorders. In this retrospective cohort study, we investigated the association of common non-cancer chronic pain conditions (NCPC) at baseline to subsequent risk for incident ADRD, and assessed the potential mediating effects of mood and sleep disorders, using baseline and 2-year follow-up data using 11 pooled cohorts (2001–2013) drawn from the U.S. Medicare Current Beneficiaries Survey (MCBS). The study sample comprised 16,934 community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 and ADRD-free at baseline. NCPC included: headache, osteoarthritis, joint pain, back or neck pain, and neuropathic pain, ascertained using claims data; incident ADRD (N = 1149) was identified using claims and survey data. NCPC at baseline remained associated with incident ADRD after adjustment for sociodemographics, lifestyle characteristics, medical history, medications, and other factors (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for any vs. no NCPC = 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04–1.40; p = 0.003); the strength and magnitude of this association rose significantly with increasing number of diagnosed NCPCs (AOR for 4+ vs. 0 conditions = 1.91, CI = 1.31–2.80, p-trend < 0.00001). Inclusion of sleep disorders and/or depression/anxiety modestly reduced these risk estimates. Sensitivity analyses yielded similar findings. NCPC was significantly and positively associated with incident ADRD; this association may be partially mediated by mood and sleep disorders. Additional prospective studies with longer-term follow-up are warranted to confirm and extend our findings.

Background: Date pits although being rich in phenolic and antioxidant content are neglected part and treated as waste product. Ethanobotanical records indicates potential of ajwa dates pits and flesh having phenolics, antioxidants and some other nutrients.Objective: The study was planned to extract the phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of ajwa date flesh and pits in comparison to local date varieties, in three different solvents with three different concentrations and to observe their effect on high lipo-protein profile of albino mice.Materials and Methods: Three solvents viz. Methanol, Ethanol and Acetone was used at concentration of 70%, 80% and 90% to make nutraceutical extracts. These extracts were characterized for numerous nutritional parameters.  Correlation of flavonoid with phenolic, DPPH, and ABTS and other parameters were studied. The above extracted ajwa flesh and pits extracts were then administrated to high cholesterol induced albino mice under three different treatments (10%, 20% and 30%) in four different groups where one group was studied as control.Results: Pits appeared as significantly richest source for total phenols, total flavonoid contents. Such extracts from pits were high in DPPH and ABTS activity as compared to flesh in all date cultivars being highest in ajwa pits (3932.3 mg GAE/100g, 2956.2 mg QEC/100g, 96.3% and 86.2% respectively). In comparative analysis of solvents, 80% ethanol extracted highest antioxidant activity for both DPPH and ABTS assay in all date varieties and their parts. Behavior of solvent for polyphenols (Total phenols and total flavonoids) extraction was highly variable so that a single solvent cannot be recommended for extraction. Highly significant correlation of flavonoids with DPPH was observed in pits part. Phenolic contents positively correlated with flavonoids, DPPH and ABTS. DPPH and ABTS also revealed strongly positive increasing correlation. In PCA analysis phenolic contents, flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity showed a closeness in case of pits while showed weak relation in flesh parts.  Furthermore, results also depicted that 30% extracts of ajwa pits have higher effect on percent reduction of total protein, total triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL-C levels while also significantly increased the percent HDL-C levels in treated albino miceConclusion: The work identifies variability among flesh and pits of ajwa date and local date varieties for their polyphenols contents and antioxidant activity and their health beneficial effect against high Lipo-protein profile that can be used as an active ingredient against different maladies in food products and supplements. Key words: Ajwa, Phenolics, antioxidants, PCA

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