Antioxidant activity and phenolic contents of Ajwa date and their effect on lipo-protein profile

Abstract

Background: Date pits although being rich in phenolic and antioxidant content are neglected part and treated as waste product. Ethanobotanical records indicates potential of ajwa dates pits and flesh having phenolics, antioxidants and some other nutrients.Objective: The study was planned to extract the phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of ajwa date flesh and pits in comparison to local date varieties, in three different solvents with three different concentrations and to observe their effect on high lipo-protein profile of albino mice.Materials and Methods: Three solvents viz. Methanol, Ethanol and Acetone was used at concentration of 70%, 80% and 90% to make nutraceutical extracts. These extracts were characterized for numerous nutritional parameters. Correlation of flavonoid with phenolic, DPPH, and ABTS and other parameters were studied. The above extracted ajwa flesh and pits extracts were then administrated to high cholesterol induced albino mice under three different treatments (10%, 20% and 30%) in four different groups where one group was studied as control.Results: Pits appeared as significantly richest source for total phenols, total flavonoid contents. Such extracts from pits were high in DPPH and ABTS activity as compared to flesh in all date cultivars being highest in ajwa pits (3932.3 mg GAE/100g, 2956.2 mg QEC/100g, 96.3% and 86.2% respectively). In comparative analysis of solvents, 80% ethanol extracted highest antioxidant activity for both DPPH and ABTS assay in all date varieties and their parts. Behavior of solvent for polyphenols (Total phenols and total flavonoids) extraction was highly variable so that a single solvent cannot be recommended for extraction. Highly significant correlation of flavonoids with DPPH was observed in pits part. Phenolic contents positively correlated with flavonoids, DPPH and ABTS. DPPH and ABTS also revealed strongly positive increasing correlation. In PCA analysis phenolic contents, flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity showed a closeness in case of pits while showed weak relation in flesh parts. Furthermore, results also depicted that 30% extracts of ajwa pits have higher effect on percent reduction of total protein, total triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL-C levels while also significantly increased the percent HDL-C levels in treated albino miceConclusion: The work identifies variability among flesh and pits of ajwa date and local date varieties for their polyphenols contents and antioxidant activity and their health beneficial effect against high Lipo-protein profile that can be used as an active ingredient against different maladies in food products and supplements. Key words: Ajwa, Phenolics, antioxidants, PCA

The Antioxidant Activities and Phenolic Content of Improved Soybean Seeds Varieties of Different Grain Sizes

“…This correlation analysis suggests that high phenol content of soybean seed is followed with high antioxidant activity when measured with the DPPH method. The present study is supporting the research results reported by several researchers who found a positive correlation between total phenol and antioxidant activities in soybean and other plant species [12,14,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22] . Therefore, it could be suggested that total phenol is a good initial indicator of antioxidant activities.…”

Physico-Chemical Analysis and Optimization of Ultrasound Assisted Extraction of Phytochemicals From King’s Ruby Grapes

“…Extract of grapes rich in flavonoids is an important nutraceutical ingredient of food. For effective utilization of these phytochemicals it is necessary to understand the chemistry of flavonoid constituents in different food matrices and to improve the method of extraction, characterization, authentication and quantification of these phytochemicals and assess their biological activity against different diseases (Cushnie and Lamb 2005, Ahmad et al 2015, Khalid et al 2017).…”

Antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic effects of Ajwa date (Phoenix dactyliferaL.) extracts in rats fed a cholesterol‐rich diet

“…A recent study showed that oral administration of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight of lyophilized Ajwa extract to rats treated with isoproterenol to induce myocardial infraction, improved cardiac oxidative stress and inflammation markers, and serum lipoprotein profile (Al-Yahya et al, 2016). Despite the great ethnopharmacological uses and significant nutritional potential of Ajwa dates, studies on the antihypercholesterolemic properties of Ajwa dates polyphenol extracts are scarce (Al-Yahya et al, 2016;Khalid, Ahmad, & Kaleem, 2017) and more are still required.…”

“…A recent study showed that oral administration of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight of lyophilized Ajwa extract to rats treated with isoproterenol to induce myocardial infraction, improved cardiac oxidative stress and inflammation markers, and serum lipoprotein profile (Al‐Yahya et al, ). Despite the great ethnopharmacological uses and significant nutritional potential of Ajwa dates, studies on the antihypercholesterolemic properties of Ajwa dates polyphenol extracts are scarce (Al‐Yahya et al, ; Khalid, Ahmad, & Kaleem, ) and more are still required. The effectiveness of the phenolic compounds obtained from dates as antioxidants in in vitro and in vivo studies depends on many factors, such as the date variety, extraction method, and solvent, as well as the part of the date fruit used (Abdul‐Hamid, Abas, Ismail, Shaari, & Lajis, ; Khalid, Ahmad, et al, ).…”