A review on chemistry and pharmacology of Ajwa date fruit and pit

Khalid, Sumaira; Khalid, Nauman; Khan, Rao Sanaullah; Ahmed, Haroon; Ahmad, Asif

doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2017.02.009

Cited by 122 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Ajwa date ( Phoenix dactylifera L.) is a unique variety that is mainly cultivated in the Al Madinah Al‐Munawarah region of western Saudi Arabia. This date variety has great religious, cultural, and social importance (Khalid, Khalid, Khan, Ahmed, & Ahmad, ; Zhang, Adosari, Vidyasagar, Nair, & Nair, ). The Ajwa date is one of the most luxurious and expensive soft dates, and it has pleasant, fine taste, and significant medicinal properties (Khalid, Khalid, et al, ; Zhang et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This date variety has great religious, cultural, and social importance (Khalid, Khalid, Khan, Ahmed, & Ahmad, ; Zhang, Adosari, Vidyasagar, Nair, & Nair, ). The Ajwa date is one of the most luxurious and expensive soft dates, and it has pleasant, fine taste, and significant medicinal properties (Khalid, Khalid, et al, ; Zhang et al, ). Nutritionally, Ajwa dates are a rich source of energy, carbohydrates (most of which are reducing sugars (glucose and fructose), proteins, dietary fibers, essential macro and micro minerals (mainly potassium and iron), and vitamins (Al‐Shahib & Marshall, ; Khalid, Khalid, et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Ajwa date is one of the most luxurious and expensive soft dates, and it has pleasant, fine taste, and significant medicinal properties (Khalid, Khalid, et al, ; Zhang et al, ). Nutritionally, Ajwa dates are a rich source of energy, carbohydrates (most of which are reducing sugars (glucose and fructose), proteins, dietary fibers, essential macro and micro minerals (mainly potassium and iron), and vitamins (Al‐Shahib & Marshall, ; Khalid, Khalid, et al, ). It also contains ample quantities of polyphenol, flavonoids, glycosides, and sterols (Khalid, Khalid, et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nutritionally, Ajwa dates are a rich source of energy, carbohydrates (most of which are reducing sugars (glucose and fructose), proteins, dietary fibers, essential macro and micro minerals (mainly potassium and iron), and vitamins (Al‐Shahib & Marshall, ; Khalid, Khalid, et al, ). It also contains ample quantities of polyphenol, flavonoids, glycosides, and sterols (Khalid, Khalid, et al, ). Ajwa dates are believed to promote health and cure several diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ajwa dates are believed to promote health and cure several diseases. Numerous studies demonstrated that Ajwa dates have antioxidant, antiviral, antifungal, antibacterial, antidiabetic, anti‐inflammatory, anticancer, hypolipidemic, gastroprotective, cardioprotective, nephroprotective, and hepatoprotective properties (Al‐Farsi, Alasalvar, Morris, Baron, & Shahidi, ; Khalid, Khalid, et al, ). Consequently, researches on the disease curing potentials of Ajwa dates and it extracts are continually increasing in recent decades.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic effects of Ajwa date (Phoenix dactyliferaL.) extracts in rats fed a cholesterol‐rich diet

et al. 2019

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This study investigated the chemical composition, in vivo antioxidant, and antihyperlipidemic potential of Ajwa date polyphenol extract (DPE). Chemical analysis revealed that the Ajwa dates contain substantial amounts of carbohydrates, energy, potassium, iron, polyphenols, and flavonoids. In vivo studies showed that feeding rats with cholesterol‐rich diets significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased their body and liver weights, total cholesterol (TC), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), very‐low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL‐C), and triglycerides (TG) in plasma and liver, and reduced the high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) content and antioxidant enzyme activities. However, oral administration of 25, 50, and 100 mg DPE/kg body weight to hypercholestrolemic rats, significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced their body and liver weights, total hepatic cholesterol, LDL‐C, VLDL‐C, and triglycerides. Furthermore, treatment with DPE improved (p ≤ 0.05) the HDL‐C concentration and antioxidant enzyme activity in a concentration‐dependent fashion, thereby regulating lipid profiles, enhancing the antioxidant defense system. Overall, DPE showed significant (p ≤ 0.05) nutritional, antioxidants, and antihyperlipidemic benefits. Practical applications Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death in the world. Consumption of fruits and vegetables rich in polyphenol have shown to exert cardio‐protective effect. This work revealed that phenolic extracts of Ajwa dates have positive impacts on the health as it reduced TC, LDL‐C, and lipids VLDL‐C and improved HDL‐C and the antioxidant defense system in rats. The findings of this study could aid in the profound understanding of the nutritional and health potentials of Ajwa dates and thus could help in utilization of these valuable fruits for the prevention and curing of cardiovascular diseases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic effects of Ajwa date (Phoenix dactyliferaL.) extracts in rats fed a cholesterol‐rich diet

et al. 2019

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Phoenix dactylifera L.: An Overview of Phytochemical Constituents and Impact on Women's Health

AbouZeid,

Afifi,

Hussei

et al. 2024

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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Genus Phoenix is one of the most common genera in the palm family (Arecaceae) with 17 species distributed around the world. Phoenix spp. have been used for centuries as food and medicine by different cultures. Phoenix dactylifera L. (date palm) is the utmost significant, particularly in the Middle East and Arab World. This review displays the main phytochemical constituents of P. dactylifera and describes its impact on women’s health from menarche to menopause, effects on fertility and during certain health conditions. Studies revealed that P. dactylifera is a valuable source of both primary and secondary metabolites including sugars, amino acids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, carotenoids, phytosterols, terpenes and sphingolipids, besides vitamins and minerals which is reflected on its wide array of pharmacologic activities viz. immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, anti‐mutagenic and anti‐cancer activities. For millennia, P. dactylifera has been utilized for food and medicine, being justified by profuse studies. However, further research is still required to deeply understand their clinical implications, especially concerning women’s health. Moreover, there are other Phoenix species that still need to be investigated to learn more about their undiscovered phytochemical components and biological activities.

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RETRACTED: Impact of drying methods on composition and functional properties of date powder procured from different cultivars

Raza

Arshad

Anjum

et al. 2019

Food Science & Nutrition

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The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of two different drying methods, that is, spray drying and oven drying on physicochemical and nutritional attributes of date flesh powder of dhakki, aseel, and rabi varieties. Date powders were prepared using mixture of maltodextrin and acacia gum (50:50) as drying aid at the rate of 0.4 kg per 1.0 kg of date fruits (dry weight basis). The oven‐drying conditions were 60°C for 48 hr, whereas in spray drying, flow rate of 30 ml/min at 150°C was maintained. Date powder was obtained in both treatments from three varieties. Nutritional profile in all six powders was explored specifically with quantification of sugars using HPLC‐RI, followed by physicochemical characterization. The total phenolic compounds, color ( L * a * b * values), hygroscopicity, bulk density, wettability, solubility index, and glass transition temperatures (using differential scanning calorimetry, DSC), were determined for the date powders. The nutritional profile and total phenolic contents and sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose) were significantly different for the varieties, while treatments showed insignificant effect. The physicochemical characteristics of date powder varied significantly with respect to the date varieties. The colored values were affected due to treatments also, and the spray‐dried powders showed better color values. The drying methods also showed effects in some parameters such as wettability time. Similarly, bulk density was different in both treatments for rabi and aseel. The glass transition temperatures were significantly varied in varieties due to difference in sugar contents, but within the treatments, they remain unaffected. The highest glass transition temperature of spray‐dried rabi was 53.2 ± 1.31°C.

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A review on chemistry and pharmacology of Ajwa date fruit and pit

Cited by 122 publications

References 32 publications

Antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic effects of Ajwa date (Phoenix dactyliferaL.) extracts in rats fed a cholesterol‐rich diet

Antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic effects of Ajwa date (Phoenix dactyliferaL.) extracts in rats fed a cholesterol‐rich diet

Phoenix dactylifera L.: An Overview of Phytochemical Constituents and Impact on Women's Health

RETRACTED: Impact of drying methods on composition and functional properties of date powder procured from different cultivars

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