In this article, we reported the micron sized particles of poly (methacrylic acid) (p [MAA]) microgel and explored their applications as anionic adsorbents. The micron sized particles of poly (methacrylic acid) microgel were prepared by a simple inverse suspension polymerization method. The adsorptive elimination of adsorbates of cationic nature including malachite green (MG) and methylene blue (MB) from the aqueous medium was studied systematically. The adsorption tests were carried out using various initial concentrations of dyes and with different amounts of adsorbents. The adsorption equilibrium was established in 60 min. The adsorption capacity of the p (MAA) microgel was found as high as 351 mg/g for MG and 65 mg/g for MB. The maximum removal percentage for MG and MB was recorded as 88 and 68%, respectively. The adsorption data was computed with adsorption isotherm models including Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin. The Langmuir model was observed to be more applicable for the adsorption of MG while the adsorption of MB was best matched with Temkin model. The adsorption data was also treated with pseudo first order and pseudo second order kinetic models along with intraparticle diffusion and Elovich models. The pseudo second order kinetic model was most suitable with adsorption of both the MG and MB.
It is universally accepted that the financial advancement of a state is essentially dependent upon the energy sector as it is essential in the growth, development, and improvement of the farming, mechanical, and defense sectors.
Industrialization, urbanization, and natural processes have potentially accelerated the pace and level of heavy metals in the aquatic environment. Recently, modern strategies for heavy metal treatment in wastewater have received the specific attention of the scientific community. The present study aimed to assess the amorphous biomass of Desmodesmus sp. as a low-cost adsorbent to remove the cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) from aqueous solutions. It involved the optimization of pH, contact time, initial concentration of metal ions, and the dosage of biosorbent. Data collation revealed that an optimum contact time for both metals was 60 min, with an adsorption capacity of 63% for Cd and 66% for Pb. Different models were applied to the equilibrium data. The pseudo 2nd order described the best adsorption of Cd and Pb. The equilibrium data were computed with various isotherms. Langmuir isotherms better suit the adsorption of the above-mentioned metals. Hence, the maximum adsorption capacity of Desmodesmus sp. for Cd and Pb was 64.1 and 62.5 mg/g, respectively. The mechanism of biosorption was validated through a comparative FT-IR and Scanning Electron Microscopy of raw and metal-loaded algal biomass based on cell morphological changes. In order to study the reusability of adsorbent, adsorption-desorption of Cd and Pb ions was repeated three times using HCl. These results did not noticeably change in adsorption capacity during the three cycles. Using HCl (0.1 M), desorption of both metals was achieved up to 90% in three cycles. This work presented a long-term bioremediation approach for heavy metal pollutants in wastewater. This research could be seen as an interdisciplinary approach to large-scale heavy metal remediation. In addition, growing microalgae in wastewater produces animal feed and biodiesel. When compared to other conventional methods for environmental remediation and the manufacture of valuable products, the use of microalgae is a more efficient and cost-effective method.
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