ABSTRACT

Flavonoids and phenolics are compounds with hydroxyl groups (-OH) bound to aromatic rings which enable them to react with reactive oxygen species and eliminate free radical activity. Single bulb garlic (Allium sativum var. solo garlic) is known to have antioxidant activity which comes from the phenolic groups. This study aims to determine the correlation of total flavonoid and phenolic levels with the antioxidant activity of ethanolic extracts from single bulb garlic grown in Magetan and Tawangmangu regions. This study included an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design. Total flavonoid levels were measured by colorimetric method and total phenolic levels were measured by Folin-Ciocalteu method using Spectrophotometry UV-Vis. Antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH method at a wavelength of 517 nm. The data analysis used was multiple linear regression. The results showed that the extract of single bulb garlic from Magetan had total flavonoids of 12.1833 ± 0.1943 mg QE/gram, total phenolics of 70.244 mg GAE/gram, and antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 20,216 ppm. The extract of single bulb garlic from Tawangmangu contained total flavonoids of 14.4833 ± 0.5911 mg QE/gram, total phenolics of 92.222 mg GAE/gram, and antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 13.777 ppm. The conclusion of this study is that there is a significant correlation of total flavonoid and total phenolic content with antioxidant activity.

Spatial relationship models often use dependence relationships into covariance structures through the autoregressive model. The autoregressive process is shown through the dependence relationship between a set of observations or a location from now on called the dependent spatial model. The Spatial dependent model is divided into two categories: spatial lag and spatial error. The spatial lag regression model is a model that considers dependent variables on an area with other areas associated with it, and the spatial error regression model is a model that takes into account the dependency of error values of an area with errors in other areas associated with it. Models with both dependencies are expressed as spatial autoregressive models with a spatial autoregressive error term (SAR-SAR). These dependencies resulted in the estimation of parameters by the ordinary least square method (OLS) resulting in inconsistent estimators. Therefore a special estimation method is required which results in a consistent estimate of the generalized spatial two-stage least square (GS2SLS). In this paper, we review the parameter estimation of SAR-SAR model with GS2SLS. To complete this paper, we also applicate of SAR-SAR model in dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) case in Surakarta, Central Java.

The existence of rukun kematian (RKM) nowadays is extremely helpful for the society. Therefore, it needs a good management in order to make RKM running well and functioning as the purpose when it was established. However, the result of observation toward RKM Puntun, Palangka Raya showed several inexpediencies about the application of management elements and the distribution of compensation that given by RKM. Then this research discussed about funding management and compensation practices by RKM to its member. There were two problems of the study: (1) How is the funding management in RKM in Puntun, Palangka Raya, (2) Is the distribution of compensation appropriate with ta’awun principal.            This research used qualitative-descriptive approach which the object of the study was funding management of RKM Puntun, Palangka Raya and appropriate distribution of compensation with ta’awun principal. Meanwhile, the subject of the study consisted of 3 board members. Collecting data method was used observation, interview, and documentation. Whereas, data validation was proven with triangulation technique then analyzed with collection, reduction, display, and conclusion method.            Through various reference of theory that was used in order to support the study. The result of funding management of RKM Puntun, Palangka Raya was not fully applied the management elements. Afterwards, the distribution of compensation of RKM was not fully applied ta’awun principal as well. This can be seen when parties from RKM provides a perind for 3 months against members of the new register, in a period of 3 months before new members receive accident (died), then the member is not entitled to receive compensation from the RKM.

In modern era, everything can be accessed by technology. One of the famous ones for young generation is YouTube or video blog (vlog) where someone can take a video for specific purposes. Google noted that there are 60% of people all over the world uploaded their activity in vlog and publish it in YouTube. Teaching speaking for students is not easy it needs huge extra to improve their speaking moreover in this global era where everything is measured by the achievement of the studentsThis research used to know the implementation of creating vlog in English Language Teaching (ELT). This research used qualitative descriptive in ilustrating the result. The subject of this research is the students of VI SDN Batang-Batang Daya 1. The instrument of this research are observation sheet, field note, in depth interview with the teacher and questionnaire for students. To analyze the data the researcher used descriptive qualitative. The result of this research described abot the implementation of creating video blogging (vlog) in English langage teaching (ELT) in teaching speaking.

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The purpose of this research is to produce instructional media video-based operate Microsoft Publisher 2010 which is validated by experts for student at class X of Office Administration in SMKN 1 Malang through experimental class and control class. This study uses Research and Development research design (R & D) through 8 steps, namely: (1) research and information gathering early, (2) planning, (3) product development, (4) validation expert, (5) product revision, (6) the trial court (small groups), (7) the revision of the product, and (8) field trials (large group). Results of validation by material experts, media experts and 12 students, the media is expressed very valid and can be used. Based on t test, it is known that a significant difference between the average student learning outcomes experimental class and control class, so that learning media can be said to be effective for use in the learning process.