Syariah Enterprise Theory in principle is a concept that explains the disclosure of Corporate Social Responsibility vertically and horizontally, in the Islamic concept called habluminnallah and hablum minannas. This study aims to interpret corporate social responsibility disclosures in the perspective of Sharia Enterprise Theory. Disclosure of corporate social responsibility through the concept of Sharia Enterprise Theory includes several dimensions, namely: God, customers, employees, society and nature. This research was conducted at Bank Muamalat Malang Branch with a qualitative approach. The results of this study indicate that Bank Muamalat Malang Branch authorized Baitul Maal Muamalat for all interests in distributing zakat funds and funds for social activities. In general, Bank Muamalat through Baitul Maal Muamalat has carried out corporate social responsibility well. In the concept of sharia enterprise theory there are a number of 47 items both vertically and horizontally and 37 items have been disclosed. Some sharia enterprise theory items that have not yet been reported include explanations of qardul hasan recipients, employee remuneration wages, PLS schemes, financing policies, human rights issues, and financing policies that consider the public at large.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of Big 4 auditors, corporate governance and firm characteristics on CSR disclosure in large listed firms in Indonesia adopting the stakeholder theory. The financial and corporate governance data are collected via the Indonesian Stock Exchange for the top 80 firms from 2016 to 2020 while data for CSR disclosures are hand collected from the annual report/sustainability report using the latest Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) 2020 index based on the environmental and social categories. The results suggest that reputable firms, diligent boards and firms audited by Big 4 auditors have a positive and statistically significant relationship with CSR disclosures. The study also find that firms with diligent board audited by Big 4 auditors are positively associated with CSR disclosures. This is the first study that utilises the latest GRI Index (2020) assessing the social and environmental disclosures in large listed firms in Indonesia over a longitudinal period.
The important role of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the economy requires SMEs to achieve business sustainability. The sustainability of SMEs can be achieved with assistance and guidance from external parties, both government and private, through corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs. This study investigates the mediating role of competitive advantage in the relationship between CSR programs and sustainability. The population of this study comprised SME owners who participated in CSR assistance programs offered by either state-owned enterprises or the private sector. This study collected quantitative data from 110 SMEs in East Java, located in the Malang, Probolinggo, Mojokerto, Kediri, and Blitar regions. Using structural equation modeling (SEM), the result was that companies or governments that provide CSR program assistance to SMEs contribute to an increase in SMEs' competitive advantage and business sustainability. Competitive advantage mediates the relationship between CSR programs and SME business sustainability. For companies or governments, providing CSR programs to SMEs requires mentoring models and CSR programs that focus on providing training to increase product innovation by creating unique products not easily imitated by competitors while maintaining competitive quality and prices. In addition, there is a need for training to increase SMEs’ understanding of compliance with legal standards in business management, the importance of establishing a comprehensive code of ethics in business management, and the role of SMEs’ contribution to charity so that business sustainability can continue to be pursued.
This study review the internationalization of SMEs in East Java from a literature and empirical perspective with the aim of providing in-depth knowledge based on the existing literature and supported by empirical data generated from previous research. This study uses content analysis of current theories and models coupled with empirical analysis of the internationalization studies of SMEs that have been carried out. There are several theories and models, such as the internalization theory, the eclectic paradigm, the Upsala model, the network perspective that connects the internationalization strategy of SMEs in East Java, and several modes of entry for internationalization. The theory is based on the basic resource-based view and network theory. Documented evidence shows that the internationalization strategy of SMEs in East Java still has many obstacles and challenges. Theoretically, the internationalization strategy related to the mode of entry leads to networking. Empirical data supports that the strategy mostly carried out by SMEs in East Java is networking independently. The results of this study are expected to contribute ideas for policymakers, in this case, the government, to play a more active role with long-term strategies for the success of the internationalization of SMEs in East Java.
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