This study introduces a fundamentally new approach to suppress mutual coupling among two closely‐spaced vertical monopole elements of a multiple‐input multiple‐output antenna array. The 40 × 40 × 1.27 mm decoupling and matching element consists of a single planar ring resonator acting as a stop‐band filter along with two tuning strips printed on an ungrounded substrate surrounding a two‐element co‐planar waveguide‐fed monopoles separated by 8 mm (λ0/16) at 2.45 GHz. Measurements reveal 14.2% bandwidth centred at 2.395 GHz over which the decoupling is below 20 dB, and −10‐dB impedance bandwidth of 19.5% centred at 2.36 GHz. An improvement of 43 dB in isolation is observed at a frequency of 2.38 GHz. It is shown that the decoupled array provides a total realised gain of 1.69 dBi with excellent diversity performance as demonstrated by the low envelope correlation coefficient and improved link efficiency in highly‐correlated channel environments due to the spatially orthogonal 3D radiation patterns. The capacity offered by the decoupled array is enhanced by 50, 22, 18 and 12% at signal‐to‐noise ratios of 5, 20, 30, and 50 dB, respectively, as compared to the coupled array in an urban micro‐channel spatial model.
Due to the rapid development of wireless communication applications, the study of Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) communication systems has gained comprehensive research activities since it can significantly increase the channel capacity and link reliability without sacrificing bandwidth and/or transmitted power levels. Researchers tend to evaluate the performance of their MIMO antenna arrays using various channel modeling tools. These channel models are mainly categorized into either deterministic channels based on Ray Tracing (RT) tools or Stochastic Channel Models (SCM). In this chapter, we compare these two categories in terms of the MIMO channel capacity using a complete description of the antennas at the transmitting and receiving ends in terms of 3D polarimetric radiation patterns and scattering parameters. The performance is evaluated for 5G New Radio (NR) Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) and Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC) services and Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) systems using state-of-the-art commercial SCM and RT tools to provide information regarding the capabilities and limitations of each approach under different channel environments and the Quality of Experience (QoE) for high data rate and low latency content delivery in the 5G NR sub-6GHz mid-band Frequency Range-1 (FR1) N77/N78 bands.
This chapter introduces a novel design concept to reduce mutual coupling among closely-spaced antenna elements of a MIMO array. This design concept significantly reduces the complexity of traditional/existing design approaches such as metamaterials, defected ground plane structures, soft electromagnetic surfaces, parasitic elements, matching and decoupling networks using a simple, yet a novel design alternative. The approach is based on a planar single decoupling element, consisting of a rectangular metallic ring resonator printed on one face of an ungrounded substrate. The decoupling structure surrounds a two-element vertical monopole antenna array fed by a coplanar waveguide structure. The design is shown both by simulations and measurements to reduce the mutual coupling by at least 20 dB, maintain the impedance bandwidth over which S 11 , is less than −10 dB, and reduce the envelope correlation coefficient to below 0.001. The boresight of the far-field radiation patterns of the two vertical monopole wire antennas operating at 2.4 GHz and separated by 8 mm (λ o /16), where λ o is the free-space wavelength at 2.45 GHz, is shown to be orthogonal and inclined by 45° with respect to the horizontal (azimuthal) plane while maintaining the shape of the isolated single antenna element.
Contemporary electromagnetic computer‐aided design tools augmented with parametric and optimization capabilities are extensively used in industry for design, validation, and prototyping to reduce time‐to‐market, resources, cost, and risks associated with the development of new radio frequency (RF) circuits and systems. Unfortunately, this technology still remains largely underutilized in undergraduate systems engineering education. This paper describes an approach for stimulating the analysis and design learning experience of undergraduate systems engineering students by engaging them in the cooperative, experiential, simulation‐assisted teaching, and research activities utilizing project‐based pedagogy. A case study is chosen in the realm of microwave‐assisted material processing, which is not typically covered in undergraduate engineering curricula. The objective is to further increase students’ interest in electromagnetic and RF systems by providing a well‐rounded learning experience to break the monotony often encountered in the heavily theoretical and abstract topics involved with a minimum of complex analytical formulations, reinforce fundamental principles and mathematical analyses offered in the class, foster students’ motivation and enthusiasm, reflect on today's technological advancement in industry, and stimulate early participation of undergraduate students in open‐ended research problems.
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