Miniaturised MIMO antenna array of two vertical monopoles embedded inside a planar decoupling network for the 2.4 GHz ISM band

Abstract

This study introduces a fundamentally new approach to suppress mutual coupling among two closely‐spaced vertical monopole elements of a multiple‐input multiple‐output antenna array. The 40 × 40 × 1.27 mm decoupling and matching element consists of a single planar ring resonator acting as a stop‐band filter along with two tuning strips printed on an ungrounded substrate surrounding a two‐element co‐planar waveguide‐fed monopoles separated by 8 mm (λ0/16) at 2.45 GHz. Measurements reveal 14.2% bandwidth centred at 2.395 GHz over which the decoupling is below 20 dB, and −10‐dB impedance bandwidth of 19.5% centred at 2.36 GHz. An improvement of 43 dB in isolation is observed at a frequency of 2.38 GHz. It is shown that the decoupled array provides a total realised gain of 1.69 dBi with excellent diversity performance as demonstrated by the low envelope correlation coefficient and improved link efficiency in highly‐correlated channel environments due to the spatially orthogonal 3D radiation patterns. The capacity offered by the decoupled array is enhanced by 50, 22, 18 and 12% at signal‐to‐noise ratios of 5, 20, 30, and 50 dB, respectively, as compared to the coupled array in an urban micro‐channel spatial model.

Stochastic versus Ray Tracing Wireless Channel Modeling for 5G and V2X Applications: Opportunities and Challenges

“…A two-element MIMO antenna array is used as a transmitter and two-element half-wavelength dipole arrays are used as the receiving antennas in both models. The transmitting antenna array used in both the RT and SCM tools is a modification of the design reported in [4] which is a miniaturized two-element monopole antenna array decoupled using a frequency selective structure, mounted on a grounded dielectric substrate and fed by two coaxial cables. The array operates at 3.7 GHz with a bandwidth of 160 MHz extending from 3.62 GHz to 3.78 GHz as determined by the S-parameters presented in Figure 4.…”

“…Services such as eMBB and URLLC have played an important role in the development of the 5G NR and Intelligent Transport System (ITS) and their network performance in V2X communications which incorporates Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V), Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) and Vehicle-to-Pedestrians (V2P) communication modes. Wireless channel modeling plays a significant role in designing, assessing, and optimizing the performance of the systems components including the physical layer, networking protocols, and the antenna arrays at the Transmitter (Tx) and Receiver (Rx) using either RT or SCM tools [4][5][6][7]. However, very little research has been reported on the differences between these two channel modeling approaches including their strength, limitations and how they consequently affect the evaluation of the MIMO channel capacity for realistic scenarios [8][9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

Design and performance analysis of 8‐port multi‐service quad‐band MIMO antenna for automotive communication

“…The 2‐port MIMO antenna with self‐decoupling structure using split ring resonator is proposed in Reference 15 where the 15 dB isolation is achieved with edge‐to‐edge spacing of 4 mm between 2‐port antenna. A 40 × 40 mm 2 2‐port decoupled coplanar waveguide fed monopole antenna array with decoupling structure is proposed in Reference 16 to work at ISM band provides better isolation of 43 dB. The isolation between the antenna elements can also be improved with inter element spacing between them which is proposed in Reference 17 with dual band inverted F shaped structure.…”

The Coefficient of Variation as a Performance Metric of Mimo Antenna Systems Under Arbitrary Handset Orientations

“…The design of antenna arrays for a handset has a significant impact on the MIMO performance of a mobile device [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Designing efficient MIMO antennas for mobile terminals is very challenging due to the influence of user orientation [1,[7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

“…The orientation of a handset antenna has a substantial impact on the interaction of the 3-D radiation patterns with the wireless channel in MIMO systems. The handset performance affects the overall network performance; it also affects the total capacity in the network since end-users with non-optimal handsets operate at lower modulation and coding scheme [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Therefore, industry seeks accurate methods to assess and evaluate the effects of orientation of the handset on the performance in MIMO systems [7].…”