No abstract

No abstract

In the present study, we identified the effects of inhaled Pimpinella peregrina essential oil (1 and 3 %, for 21 continuous days) on scopolamine-induced memory impairment, anxiety, and depression in laboratory rats. Y-maze and radial arm-maze tests were used for assessing memory processes. Also, the anxiety and depressive responses were studied by means of the elevated plus-maze and forced swimming tests. The scopolamine alone-treated rats exhibited the following: decrease of the spontaneous alternation percentage in Y-maze test, increase of the number of working and reference memory errors in radial arm-maze test, along with decrease of the exploratory activity, the percentage of the time spent and the number of entries in the open arm within elevated plus-maze test and decrease of swimming time and increase of immobility time within forced swimming test. Inhalation of the P. peregrina essential oil significantly improved memory formation and exhibited anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects in scopolamine-treated rats. Our results suggest that the P. peregrina essential oil inhalation ameliorates scopolamine-induced memory impairment, anxiety, and depression. Moreover, studies on the P. peregrina essential oil may open a new therapeutic window for the prevention of neurological abnormalities closely related to Alzheimer's disease.

This study deals with the pollen morphological characterization of 36 taxa (Sections; Cheirolepis 3, Cynaroides 14, Rhizocalathium 5, Grossheimia 3, Chartolepis 3, Pseudophaeopappus 1, Plumosipappus 1 and Phaeopappus 6) belonging to the genus Centaurea. Pollen slides were prepared using the Acetolysis technique. Light Microscope examination showed pollen grains to be tricolporate, isopolar, radially symmetrical, oblate-spheroidal, prolate-spheroidal, subprolate, tectum perforate and scabrate. We identified two basic types of pollen grains, designated type I (Scabrate), type II (Microechinate). 34 taxa evaluated resemble Wagenitz's Jacea pollen type and 2 taxa Montana pollen type. We present micrographs of pollen grains, together with descriptions of the characteristics of their structure. We found that the pollen characters (shape, exine structure, sculpturing) were useful for classification.

corniculatus, and Leuceana leucocephala species contain 50.0, 59.4, 69.5, 37.06, and 52.6% linoleic acid, respectively, as the major component fatty acids, whereas in the seed oil of Lathyrus cicer, linolenic acid accounts for 29.7% as the major component fatty acid. The ratios of these fatty acids in the Leguminous genera were found to be highly variable. In the study of taxa, palmitic acid was found in the major saturated fatty acids, on the other hand oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids were found in major unsaturated fatty acids. KEY-WORDS: Fatty acid -Leguminosae -Protein -Seed oil -Tannin. INTRODUCTIONLegumes as source of protein for both forage and grain have a great chance of increasing their importance in the farming systems of the 21st century. Legume plants include many economically important crop plants that are utilized in human foodstuffs, herbal medicines, oil materials and as animal forages.In Turkey, the Lathyrus species has been cultivated in small field areas and used mainly as forage and rarely as food. The Lathyrus species contains some toxic substances. One of the most important of these substances is a neurotoxinoxalyl diamino propionic acid -(ODAP), which can result in paralysis in humans and the lower limbs of animals by affecting the central nervous system. This disease, named Lathyrism, generally occurs when seeds are consumed in large quantities for 3-4 months (Basaran et al. 2007).Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.), also known as holy clover, is a perennial forage legume with a deep taproot often grown in conjunction with forage grasses to reduce bloat hazard as well as to improve soil fertility due to its nitrogen fixing ability. Another desirable trait is that sainfoin has an early growth habit, sprouting earlier than alfalfa in spring to give good forage yields. While the availability of early fresh forage for stock is appreciated by farmers it is the ability of the feed to reduce RESUMEN Análisis químico de semillas de algunas leguminosas forrajeras de Turquía. Un enfoque quimiotaxonómico.Se han estudiado las semillas procedentes de seis leguminosas forrajeras (leguminosas) en relación a sus proteí-nas, contenido de taninos y composición de ácidos grasos. El contenido de proteínas de las semillas de leguminosas forrajeras osciló entre un 23,1 y un 37,2%. Por otro lado, el contenido de taninos de las mismas semillas se encontraron entre 0,67 y 6,33%. La composición en ácidos grasos de estas seis especies diferentes se determinó por cromatografía gaseosa como ésteres metílicos de los ácidos grasos. Los aceites de las semillas de diferentes taxones de leguminosas contenían los ácidos linoleico y linolénico como principales componentes. Los aceites de semillas de las especies Helianthus Lathyrus, Onobrychis crista-galli, Trigonella foenumgraceum, Lotus corniculatus, y Leuceana Leucocephala contienen 50.0, 59.4, 69.5, 37.06 y 52.6%, respectivamente de ácido linoleico, como principal componente de los ácidos grasos, mientras que el aceite de semillas de Cicer Lathyrus contiene ácid...