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Aim:The antioxidant and pharmacological effects of hawthorn have mainly been attributed to the polyphenolic contents. The aim of this research is to determine some bioactive compounds and antioxidant properties of hawthorn aqueous and ethanol extracts of leaves, flowers, and ripened fruits.Materials and Methods:For this purpose, antioxidant activities of extracts were assessed on DPPH•, ABTS•+, superoxide scavenging, reducing power and ferrous metal chelating activity assays and phenolic content of extracts was determined by Folin—Cioacalteu’s reagent.Results:The flavonoids including rutin, apigenin, myricetin, quercetin, naringenin and kaempferol, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography in the hawthorn extract.Conclusion:It was observed the aqueous and ethanol extracts of Crataegus monogyna subsp. monogyna fruits showed the highest activity in reducing power and metal chelating activity assays. In addition, it was determined that the aqueous flower extract showed higher flavonoid content than aqueous leaves extract. The antioxidant and pharmacological effects of hawthorn have mainly been attributed to the polyphenolic contents.

W. orientalis is a one-year herbaceous plant, located in the Lamiaceae family, and is called Ballıbaba in Turkish. In the presented study, the antimicrobial and anticancer properties of flowers extracts of endemic W. orientalis were investigated for the first time. Also, it was investigated the antiradical activity and phytochemical contents of this plant extracts. According to our study results, endemic W. orientalis flowers extract show very high anticancer activity against MCF-7, HCT-116 and LNCaP cancer cell lines, high antiradical activity against ABTS radicals, and effective antimicrobial activity against some microorganism caused infection in humans. In conclusion, endemic W. orientalis can be used as an anticancer and antimicrobial agent and this plant can be the subject of further studies in the field of herbal medicine.

The chromosome number and morphology of eight species belonging to the section Santolinoideae of the genus Achillea L. (Asteraceae) were investigated using karyological techniques. The species studied were Achillea cucullata (Hausskn.) Bornm., A. vermicularis Trin., A. monocephala Boiss. & Bal., A. boissieri (Hausskn.) Bornm., A. santolina L., A. gypsicola Hub.‐Mor., A. goniocephala Boiss. & Bal., and A. spinulifolia Fenzl ex Boiss. In these species, the chromosome numbers were 2n = 18 in A. vermicularis, A. monocephala, and A. boissieri, 2n = 18A + 1B in A. spinulifolia, 2n = 36 in A. cucullata and A. santolina, and 2n = 54 in A. gypsicola and A. goniocephala. All of the chromosomes had median point (M), median region (m), or submedian (sm) centromeres. An increase in asymmetry was not observed in the karyotypes of the species. © 2006 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2006, 151, 573–580.

A new species of Centaurea L. (Asteraceae), Centaurea yildiziiŞ. Civelek, İ. Türkoǧlu & H. Akan (sect. Psephelloideae (Boiss.)) Sosn. is described from Turkey. Diagnostic characters, a description, detailed illustrations and taxonomic comments on the species are given. It is compared with the closely related taxon, Centaurea pyrrhoblephara Boiss. The geographical distribution of the new species and other related species is mapped. © 2003 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2003, 143, 207–212.

The chromosome number and morphology in six species of the sections Babounya (DC.) O. Hoffm. and Achillea of the genus Achillea L. (Asteraceae) were investigated using karyological techniques. Sample plants and seeds of A. santolinoides Lag. subsp. wilhelmsii (K. Koch.) Greuter, A. falcata L., A. magnifica Hub. -Mor., A. pannonica Scheele, A. crithmifolia Waldst. & Kit. and A. nobilis L. subsp neilreichii (A. Kern.) Formánek were collected from natural habitats in 2005. The chromosome number found in six species was 2n = 18. All chromosomes had median point (M), median region (m), and submedian (sm) centromers. An increase in asymmetry was not observed in the karyotypes of the species studied. None of the studied species had any B chromosomes.