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The first tarsometatarsal (TMT) joint has a complex role in regulating joint pressure in the midfoot. Despite its importance, there have been only a few studies of the functional morphology and biomechanical function of this joint. Here we report about the densitometric pattern of the subchondral bone layer of the articulating elements of the human first TMT joint. We studied dry bones of the first metatarsal and medial cuneiform bones in 64 human cadavers to establish the pattern of the density distribution and to correlate it with the biomechanical function of the joint. The articular surfaces of both the bones were analyzed planimetrically. Half of the specimens (n=32) were sectioned in the sagittal plane and the other 32 articulations were in the transverse plane. In all the sections, the subchondral bone density of the first TMT joint was measured. We found that in sagittal slices the dorsal area of the lateral parts and intermediate parts in females and the dorsal area of the lateral parts, the medial parts and intermediate parts in males were denser than the plantar area and that its density decreased towards the plantar area. The dorsal parts of transverse slices in males were the densest and its density decreased towards the plantar part. In the dorsal, middle and plantar parts in females in transverse slices, the lateral and intermediate areas were denser than the medial areas (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the bone densities of females and males.

Giriş: Anatomi dersinin tıp fakültelerinin yanı sıra sağlık bilimleri fakültelerinde de temel bilimler dersi olarak okutulması, öğrencilerin daha sonraki yıllarda alacakları diğer derslerle bağlantılı olması açısından önemlidir. Bu bağlamda verilen eğitimin etkili ve verimli bir şekilde yürütülmesi ve bu doğrultuda sağlık çalışanlarının yetiştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı öğrenci ebe ve hemşirelerin anatomi dersinin verimliliği ve eğitim sürecinin etkinliği ile ilgili görüşlerini belirlemektir.

Objectives: Estimating stature from long extremity bones, such as femur, humerus, is commonly usedduring forensic examinations. The aim of this study is to estimate stature by anthropometric measurements of right and left-hands second (2D) and fourth digit (4D) lengths. Method:The sample group consisted of 140 young adults, 70 male and 70 females (aged 21-19 years), whose 2D and 4D lengths were measured (using digital vernier caliper) of their left and right hands. One measurement was taken directly from landmarks from the proximal metacarpophalangeal crease to the finger tips. The program SPSS (Version 17.0) was used to make a descriptive analysis, Student’s t-test was usedto analyze the difference in height 2D and 4D between males and females. One-way ANOVA was usedto determine the potential interactions between anthropometric measurements within each other and stature. Pearson Correlation coefficient and related P values were also used. Statistical significance was assigned to p values <0.05. Linear and multiple regressions were also developed. Results:The differences between the right-and the left fingers length values were statistically significant for both sexes (p<0.001). In all, the measurements of males were significantly higher than females. The correlation coefficients between stature and the measurements of second and fourth digit were found to be positive and statistically significant. The highest correlation coefficient between stature and digit length for males regarded the right second digit (r=0.505), and for females, the left second digit (r=0.596). Regression equations were checked for accuracy by comparing the estimated stature and actual stature. Conclusion: Both regression models can...

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Amaç: Çalışmamızın sağlıklı genç bireylerde el başparmak uzunluklarının normal değerlerini işaret parmağı ile karşılaştırmalı olarak elde etmektir. Gereç ve yöntem: 18-21 yaşları arasında değişen 82 (35 kadın, 47 erkek) sağlıklı genç bireylerin sağ ve sol olmak üzere toplam 164 elin palmar ve dorsal yüzeyinden ölçümler alınmıştır. Başparmağın nispi uzunluğu, başparmak çevresinin uzunluğu ve tırnak genişliği işaret parmağı referans alınarak yapılmıştır. 2 parametre doğrultusunda yapılan bu ölçüm; İşaret parmağının proksimal falanks uzunluğu ve proksimal digit katlantısı ile interfalangeal katlantı arasındaki uzunluktur. Elde edilen ölçüm değerleri başparmak-proksimal falanks (BPF) indeksi ve başparmak digit katlantısı (BDK) olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Bulgular: BPF ve BDK indekslerinin ortalama değerleri sağ elde 0,82 ve 0,59, sol elde ise 0,74 ve 0,49 olarak saptanmıştır. Cinsiyetler arasında, sağ ve sol el ortalamalar arasında istatistiksel olarak bir anlam bulunamamıştır. Başparmak uzunluğunun işaret parmağının proksimal falanksına olan oranının (AD/AB) ortalama yüzde değerleri sırasıyla sağ elde kadınlarda %74, erkeklerde %77 ve sol elde ise kadınlarda %70, erkeklerde %73 olarak tespit edilirken, işaret parmağın tüm uzunluğunun başparmak ucuna olan mesafenin (AD/AC) ortalama yüzde değerleri ise sırasıyla sağ elde %35 ve sol elde %34 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Başparmağın çevresi ve tırnak genişliğini işaret parmağının çevresi ve tırnak genişliğine olan oranı ile karşılaştırıldığında elde edilen yüzde değerler sırasıyla %132 ve %106 solarak elde edilmiştir. Sonuç: Sağlanan veriler, klinisyene patolojileri saptamada ve rekonstrüktif ameliyatların estetik sonuçlarını intraoperatif ve postoperatif analiz etme konusunda yardımcı olabilir.

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BACKGROUND Nutrient foramen is a large opening that transfers the arteries that supply the bone to the bone cavity. During surgical procedures, it is very important to have precise and complete information about the location of the foramina to determine whether the fracture line passes close to the nutrient foramina. The purpose of this study was to determine the number and position of the femoral nutrient foramina together with morphometric measurements. METHODS A total of 93 dry adult femurs with unknown sexes were examined in this study. The direction, location and the total number of nutrient foramina of the femur were investigated by using an anthropometer (Lafayette instrument, Indiana). Also, foraminal index was calculated. RESULTS The analysis revealed that 28 (53.8 %) of the femurs with a single nutrient foramen were on the right side and 22 (53.7 %) were on the left side, respectively. Femurs with double nutrient foramina were 23 (44.2 %) and 18 (43.9 %) on right and left sides, respectively. Femurs with triple nutrient foramina were 1(1.9 %) and 1 (2.4 %) on right and left sides, respectively. The foraminal index of femurs was found as (41, 58 %) and (42, 23 %) on the right and left sides, respectively. The nutrient foramen was mostly 84 (90.3 %) located at the middle third of the femur. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study provide information and details about nutrient foramen which have clinical importance, especially in surgical procedures like bone grafting and microsurgical vascularized bone transplantation. KEY WORDS Femur, Foraminal Index, Nutrient Artery, Nutrient Foramina