Applicability of calf subcutaneous tissue to subcutaneous injection in young adults

Torun, Serap; Mutluay, Şükriye Deniz

doi:10.1016/j.apnr.2017.02.002

Cited by 3 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The study conducted by Torun and Mutluay (2017) also reported that ST thickness on the anterior thigh was quantitatively higher than that of the lateral thigh. The ST thickness in the calf region was found to range from 2.3 mm to 19.5 mm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…The anterior and lateral aspects of the thigh on the leg are theoretically acknowledged and used in practice (Potter et al 2017;Berman et al 2016). In addition, a study reported that the lateral aspect of the calf may used as a subcutaneous injection site (Torun and Mutluay 2017). Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the suitability adult individuals' thigh and calf regions for subcutaneous injection with the help of CT. For this purpose, thigh and calf injection sites were measured for ST thickness with CT by a specialist radiologist.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coronal and sagittal plane reformat images were used to detect injection sites on tomography sections. The region on the lateral aspect of the gastrocnemius muscle (approximately 10 cm below the lateral aspect of the knee) was used to determine the calf region (Torun and Mutluay 2017). The anterior (1/3 distal part of the rectus femoris muscle) and the lateral aspect (1/3 distal part of the vastus lateralis muscle) of the thigh were used to determine the thigh region (Potter et al 2017;Berman et al 2016).…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study was found in the literature that reported that the calf region is suitable for the subcutaneous injection region which can be used as an alternative to the subcutaneous injection regions that are in practice. The study stated that the calf region is important because it is easy to access and adds extra injection sites to the rotation (Torun and Mutluay 2017). The calf region is located in the lateral region of the gastrocnemius muscle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The calf region is located in the lateral region of the gastrocnemius muscle. The study which investigated the suitability of the region for subcutaneous injection in Turkey utilized a skinfold caliper to measure the skinfold thickness in the calf region and found that the subcutaneous injections made with 8 mm needle in 86.3% of the individuals were applicable to the region (Torun and Mutluay 2017). In addition, the above mentioned study proposed evaluating the region with radiological methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Uyluk ve Baldır Bölgesindeki Deri Altı Yağ Dokusunun Subkutan Enjeksiyona Uygunluğunun Bilgisayarlı Tomografi ile Değerlendirilmesi

Ismailoğlu

İsmailoğlu

2021

Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi

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The most commonly used areas in the lower extremity in subcutaneous injection applications are anterior and lateral surface of the thigh. The calf region, which is an alternative to these areas, is located in the lateral region of the gastrocnemius muscle. The aim of the study is to retrospectively evaluate of suitability of thigh and calf site subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness for subcutaneous injection through computed tomography sections. The sample of this descriptive study consisted of 140 adult patients over the age of 18 who underwent Contrast-Enhanced Lower Extremite Computed Tomography Angiography between March 2020 and March 2021. Subcutaneous tissue thicknesses of the anterior thigh, lateral thigh, and calf injection site of the subjects were measured by a specialist radiologist using computed tomography sections. As a result of the study, a comparison of subcutaneous tissue thickness in the thigh and calf was achieved according to gender and body mass index. The mean subcutaneous tissue thickness of the patients was 13.64 ± 6.85 mm on the anterior thigh, 8.82 ± 7.21 mm on the lateral side of the thigh, and 6.15 ± 3.12 mm in the calf area. It was found that there was a significant difference between subcutaneous tissue thicknesses according to their gender and body mass index. Subcutaneous tissue thickness on the anterior thigh was thicker than the lateral thigh and the calf injection site. Subcutaneous tissue thickness in females was greater than in males. Subcutaneous tissue thickness in the calf region was thicker than 4 mm in 77.1%, 8 mm in 19.3% and 12 mm in 12.3%.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Uyluk ve Baldır Bölgesindeki Deri Altı Yağ Dokusunun Subkutan Enjeksiyona Uygunluğunun Bilgisayarlı Tomografi ile Değerlendirilmesi

Ismailoğlu

İsmailoğlu

2021

Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi

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Differences between Four Skinfold Calipers in the Assessment of Adipose Tissue in Young Adult Healthy Population

et al. 2022

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Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the validity of four different skinfold calipers, as well as to establish the differences between them in a healthy young adult population. Methods: The present study followed a cross-sectional design, including 138 participants, with 69 males (21.46 ± 2.52 years) and 69 females (22.19 ± 2.85 years). The measurement protocol included basic measurements of body mass and stretch stature and eight skinfolds with a Harpenden, Holtain, Slim Guide, and Lipowise. The ∑6 and ∑8 skinfolds and fat mass were calculated. The order in which the skinfold calipers were used was randomized. Results: No significant differences were found in either the Σ6 and Σ8 skinfolds or masses and fat percentages calculated with the skinfolds obtained with the different calipers (p > 0.05), and the inclusion of the covariates of sex, BMI, and hydration status of the participants showed no effect on the differences. The Bland–Altman test showed significant differences between the calipers (p < 0.001). Conclusion: It has been observed that the analyzed calipers have shown validity for the assessment of adiposity-related variables in a male and female sample of non-overweight, young healthy adults, but they are not interchangeable with each other when the assessment is meant to be compared over time or with other samples.

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Effect of gender, muscle type and skinfold thickness on myometric parameters in young people

Mencel

Jaskólska

Marusiak

et al. 2021

PeerJ

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Background The aim of the study was to compare the mechanical properties of three human skeletal muscles: biceps brachii (BB), rectus femoris (RF), and tibialis anterior (TA) at rest measured by myoton device in males (n = 16, mean age 21.2 ± 0.6 years) and females (n = 16; 21.2 ± 0.9 years) and to investigate the influence of skin and subcutaneous tissue thickness (skinfold thickness, SFT) and gender on myometric parameters of the three skeletal muscles. Methods We measured the following mechanical and viscoelastic muscle properties using MyotonPRO®: frequency (F [Hz]), decrement (D [log]), stiffness (S [N/m]), relaxation time (R [ms]) and creepability (C [De]). The values of SFT for all selected muscles were assessed by caliper. A mixed-design analysis of variance with gender as between subject comparison was used for assessing the differences between gender and muscles in SFT and each of the myometric parameters separately (F, D, S, R and C). Pearson correlation coefficient or Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient between SFT and myometric parameters was conducted for males, females and males and females together. The level of statistical significance was set at α ≤ 0.05 with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Results The SFT over the RF, TA, and BB muscles in women was statistically significantly larger compared with that of males. In females and males, the SFT over the RF was larger than over the TA and BB, and the SFT over the TA was larger compared with over the BB. The values of F and S recorded for the TA muscle were the highest among the three muscles, while D, C, and R were lowest in TA but highest in the RF muscle in men and women. The values of F and S were smaller in females than in males. Gender comparison of D, C, and R values showed that only D for the RF was significantly lower in females than in males, and C for the RF and TA was significantly larger in females than in males. Some correlation between SFT and myometric parameters were different between males and females. For example, there was a significant, negative correlation between SFT and F for all muscles in females, and a significant, positive correlation between these parameters for BB and TA (not for RF) in males. For pooled data (males and females together), a negative significant correlation between SFT and F was observed for RF and TA (not significant for BB muscle). Discussion It is concluded that the TA compared with the BB and RF has significantly greater F and S but the smallest D and C and the shortest R. Gender and muscle differences in the SFT may affect the measurements of muscle properties using MyotonPRO®. The relationship between SFT and myometric parameters is different in males and females in the RF, TA, and BB muscles. Therefore, the myometric data should be analyzed in males and females separately.

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Applicability of calf subcutaneous tissue to subcutaneous injection in young adults

Cited by 3 publications

References 3 publications

Uyluk ve Baldır Bölgesindeki Deri Altı Yağ Dokusunun Subkutan Enjeksiyona Uygunluğunun Bilgisayarlı Tomografi ile Değerlendirilmesi

Uyluk ve Baldır Bölgesindeki Deri Altı Yağ Dokusunun Subkutan Enjeksiyona Uygunluğunun Bilgisayarlı Tomografi ile Değerlendirilmesi

Differences between Four Skinfold Calipers in the Assessment of Adipose Tissue in Young Adult Healthy Population

Effect of gender, muscle type and skinfold thickness on myometric parameters in young people

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