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Early assigned parenteral intake of Ca 75 mg · kg⁻¹ · day⁻¹ and P 44 mg · kg⁻¹ · day⁻¹ significantly contributed to preventing short-term bone strength decline in preterm infants.

The aims of this study were to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers in patients with type 1 diabetes and screening-identified evidence of celiac disease, i.e., celiac autoimmunity. We screened 50 consecutive type 1 diabetic patients for IgA antitissue transglutaminase to identify those with celiac autoimmunity. Eight seropositive patients were identified on this screening, and 12 patients matched for gender and age range were selected as a control group from among the type 1 diabetic patients without celiac autoimmunity. Patients and controls underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) for measurement of bone mineral status and had their blood levels of osteocalcin, carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), calcium, and phosphorus determined. BMD was further adjusted for height, weight, and pubertal stage. Radiographic and blood markers of bone mineralization were compared between patients and controls. BMD (Z-score) at the lumbar spine was -1.44 +/- 0.5 SD for patients and 0.04 +/- 0.2 SD for controls (P = 0.02). Bone mineral content was 37.9 +/- 4.5 g for patients and 49.4 +/- 2.6 g for controls (P = 0.049). Adjusted BMD was -0.62 +/- 0.5 SD for patients and 0.81 +/- 0.09 SD for controls (P = 0.04). After adjustment, four patients and none of the controls presented BMD < -1 SD (P = 0.01). Osteocalcin, CTX, calcium, and phosphorus blood levels were not significantly different between patients and controls. Celiac autoimmunity is associated with reduced bone mineralization in type 1 diabetic patients. The pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical relevance of this finding remain to be further investigated.

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ObjectiveThe study evaluated the effect of a canned sardine supplement in C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients on hemodialysis (HD) and the compliance and adherence to this supplement. DesignThis was a quasi-experimental study: Participants with a serum CRP of 5 mg/dL or less volunteered to consume a sardine supplement or were maintained on the usual cheese/ham sandwich supplement. SettingThe study took place in two outpatient dialysis units in Lisbon, Portugal. PatientsThe study comprised 63 patients receiving maintenance HD three times per week for at least 6 months and an initial CRP concentration of 5 mg/dL or less. Exclusion criteria included the presence of graft vascular access or history of cancer. InterventionAfter a 4-week washout period, the nutritional intervention included a canned sardine sandwich for the case group (n = 31) and a cheese or ham sandwich for the control

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Key words:HIV. Nutritional status. Quality of life. Palabras clave:VIH. Estado nutricional. Calidad de vida. ResumenIntroducción: el estado nutricional y la evolución del virus de inmunodefi ciencia humana (VIH) están interconectados. A pesar de que algunos estudios hayan visto el impacto del estado nutricional en la calidad de vida (CdV) en pacientes con enfermedades crónicas, pocos han estudiado sus efectos en pacientes infectados de VIH. Objetivo: investigar la relación entre el estado nutricional y la CdV en adultos recientemente diagnosticados de VIH. Métodos: cumplieron los criterios de inclusión los individuos diagnosticados de VIH en los 14 meses previos a una visita al hospital central de Lisboa. El estado nutricional fue evaluado por antropometría, análisis de la composición del cuerpo, y dieta, mientras que la CdV fue evaluada usando el cuestionario WHOQOL-HIV-BREF. También fueron considerados los datos sociodemográfi cos y clínicos. Resultados: fueron seleccionados 51 individuos, la mayoría de sexo masculino, caucásicos, empleados, solteros y en tratamiento antirretroviral de gran actividad (TARGA). Varias características sociodemográfi cas, como el nivel de educación, la edad, el sexo y el estado de salud actual, fueron importantes indicadores del nivel de CdV (p < 0,05). Se observaron niveles de CdV más bajos en individuos con dietas inadecuadas, pérdida de peso comprobada y elevado perímetro de cintura en análisis bivariado (p < 0,05). Las mismas variantes infl uenciaron negativamente la CdV tras haber ajustado los factores de confusión en análisis multivariado (p < 0,05). Conclusión: varios aspectos del estado nutricional infl uyeron en las variaciones observadas en la CdV, lo que sugiere que una intervención a nivel nutricional podría mejorar potencialmente la calidad de vida en esta población. AbstractIntroduction: Nutritional status and the progression of the human immunodefi ciency virus (HIV) are interlinked; though some studies have looked at the impact nutritional status has on quality of life (QoL) in patients with chronic diseases, few have studied this in HIV-infected individuals. Objective: To investigate the relationship between nutritional status and QoL in adults with a recent HIV diagnosis. Methods: Individuals with an HIV diagnosis performed in the fourteen months prior to a medical visit to one of Lisbon's central hospitals were eligible. Nutritional status was assessed by anthropometry, body composition analysis, and dietary intake. QoL was assessed using the WHOQOL-HIV-BREF questionnaire. Sociodemographic and clinical data were also considered. Results: Fifty-one subjects were eligible for enrolment; the majority were male, Caucasian, employed, single, and under highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Lower QoL scores were observed in subjects with inadequate energy intakes, reported weight loss, and a high waist circumference in bivariate analysis (p < 0.05); the same variables infl uenced QoL negatively after adjusting for confounders in multivariate analysis (p < 0.05)...