Densities, viscosities, and refractive indices have been measured for the binary liquid mixtures of isoamyl acetate or methyl benzoate with (o-, m-, and p-) xylenes and ethylbenzene over the entire composition range at (303.15 and 313.15) K. From the experimental data, the values of viscosity deviations ∆η and deviation in molar refraction ∆R have been determined. The values of ∆η and ∆R have been fitted to the Redlich-Kister polynomial equation to determine the binary coefficients and the standard deviation. The predictive ability of several one-, two-, and three-parameter viscosity models was also tested. It was observed that the viscosities were best correlated with the McAllister equation.

The viscosity, density, and refractive index of binary mixtures of ethyl formate or ethyl benzoate with o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, and ethylbenzene were determined at 303.15 K and 313.15 K and atmospheric pressure for the whole composition range. From the experimental measurements, the deviations in viscosity, Δη, were correlated accurately with the Redlich−Kister polynomial equation. The deviations in molar refraction, ΔR, were calculated from the Lorentz−Lorentz equation. The experimental viscosities were fitted to an empirical equation proposed by Frenkel. It was observed that the equation predicts the mixture viscosities reasonably well at both temperatures and the agreement between the experimental and calculated values is satisfactory.

No abstract

Seam quality is determined by the correlation between types of fabric, structures of fabric, sewing threads and selection of stitches and seams. The performance of seam also depends on the sewing conditions like size of needle, sewing thread tension, stitches per inch and lastly on the proper working and maintenance of the stitching machine. The objective of present study is to investigate and scrutinize the impact of weft knitted fabric structures, sewing thread types and stitch types on seam strength and efficiency of superimposed type of seam for cotton apparels. An experimental design was employed for the study which includes two types of sewing thread and four classes of stitch. The seam strength and efficiency of the fabric were determined by using the tensile testing machine. Seam strength have been measured and analyzed both in course and wales directions. The results revealed that differences existed between the two different thread in relation with seam strength and seam efficiency. Polyester-wrapped threads with a polyester filament core thread shows better seam strength and seam efficiency. This study also assists garment manufacturers to utilize suitable thread type and stitch type to reach quality seams to get to know customers' requirements in terms of seam.

Densities, viscosities, and refractive indices of binary liquid mixtures of diethyl oxalate (DEO) with four ketones (acetophenone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, and 3-pentanone) were determined over the complete concentration range at (303.15, 308.15, and 313.15) K. The experimental values of mixtures and pure liquids have been used to calculate the excess molar volumes, deviations in viscosity, and deviations in molar refractions. These excess or deviation properties were fitted to the Redlich-Kister type equation. The refractive index and density values of the mixtures were used to test the accuracy of some of the available refractive index mixing relationships in predicting the binary refractive index data. Viscosity results were also analyzed by using the McAllister four-body interaction model to correlate the kinematic viscosities of binary liquid mixtures.