Summary In this work, we propose a homoleptic ruthenium(II) complex, [Ru(dabpy)3]Cl2 (RDAB3) containing amine functionalized electron donating anchoring units for DSSCs. The DSSCs were co‐sensitized by coumarin‐based thiophene (CT) and indole (CI) units. The presence of four ancillary amine groups in RDAB3 influences its photovoltaic performance and the introduction of coumarin‐based co‐sensitizers significantly enhances the efficiency. The fabricated DSSCs were explored by UV‐Visible absorption, photocurrent‐voltage assessments, and impedance spectral studies. Co‐sensitized DSSCs showed an improved photovoltaic efficiency than the device sensitized by RDAB3 alone. Under optimized condition, the device made up of RDAB3+CI exhibited a high Jsc = 9.9 mA/cm2 with Voc of 0.7 V, fill factor of 0.773, and solar to power conversion efficiency of 5.35% in standard global AM 1.5 solar irradiation. This performance is found to be higher than the DSSC sensitized with RDAB3 (η = 3.84%) fabricated under same circumstances.

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Electronic absorption spectroscopy was used to study the ETR of surfactant–cobalt(III) complexes containing imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline, dipyrido[3,2-d:2′-3′-f]quinoxaline and dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,4′-c](6,7,8,9-tetrahydro)phenazine ligands by using ferrocyanide ions in unilamellar vesicles of dipalmitoylphosphotidylcholine (DPPC) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ((BMIM)Br), at different temperatures under pseudo-first-order conditions using an excess of the reductant. The reactions were found to be second-order and the electron transfer is postulated as occurring in the outer sphere. The rate constant for the electron transfer reactions was found to increase with increasing concentrations of ionic liquids. Besides these, the effects of surfactant complex ions on liposome vesicles in these same reactions have also been studied on the basis of hydrophobicity. We observed that, below the phase transition temperature, there is an increasing amount of surfactant–cobalt(III) complexes expelled from the interior of the vesicle membrane through hydrophobic effects, while above the phase transition temperature, the surfactant–cobalt(III) complexes are expelled from the interior to the exterior surface of the vesicle. Kinetic data and activation parameters are interpreted in respect of an outer-sphere electron transfer mechanism. By assuming the existence of an outer-sphere mechanism, the results have been clarified based on the presence of hydrophobicity, and the size of the ligand increases from an ip to dpqc ligand and the reactants become oppositely charged. In all these media, the ΔS# values are recognized as negative in their direction in all the concentrations of complexes employed, indicative of a more ordered structure of the transition state. This is compatible with a model in which these complexes and [Fe(CN)6]4− ions bind to the DPPC in the transition state. Thus, the results have been interpreted based on the self-aggregation, hydrophobicity, charge densities of the co-ligand and the reactants with opposite charges.