Due to the limited availability of energy within network nodes, energy-efficient routing mechanism is one of the most critical issues in wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we propose a multi-path routing algorithm with energyaware based on ant colony system. The algorithm introduces three improved rules: Ant Marginalization Rule, State Transition Rule and Global Pheromone Update Rule to solve the problems of local convergence, local optimization and multi-path for transferring data respectively. It can avoid using up the energy of nodes on the optimal path while preserving network connectivity. Compared with traditional routing methods, simulation results demonstrate that the algorithm can help save energy and prolong the lifetime of the network.
Determining how to select path efficiently in complex transportation networks was one of the main problems in-car navigation systems. For the drawbacks of slow convergence and easy to fall into local optimal solution of basic ant colony algorithm in solving the optimal path problem, a method of improving the expect-heuristic function is proposed in this paper, which enhances search direction and improves the convergence rate. Meanwhile, with the introduction of a new strategy to update the pheromone on ant colony system, the contradiction that convergence speed brings stagnation is balanced. The results show that the improved ant colony algorithm is easier to get the optimal solution compared with basic ant colony algorithm, and the convergence speed is faster, having a good navigation effect.
The uneven distribution of node energy consumption leads network to premature failure under LEACH protocol for wireless sensor network. For such problem, this paper presents a comprehensive algorithm. The residual energy will be taken into account when the cluster head is selected, and then multi-hop is used for forwarding in the process of transferring data. This achieves balanced distribution of network energy effectively. Simulation results show that the improved algorithm can prolong network lifetime, which is significantly better than LEACH protocol.
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