Due to the limited availability of energy within network nodes, energy-efficient routing mechanism is one of the most critical issues in wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we propose a multi-path routing algorithm with energyaware based on ant colony system. The algorithm introduces three improved rules: Ant Marginalization Rule, State Transition Rule and Global Pheromone Update Rule to solve the problems of local convergence, local optimization and multi-path for transferring data respectively. It can avoid using up the energy of nodes on the optimal path while preserving network connectivity. Compared with traditional routing methods, simulation results demonstrate that the algorithm can help save energy and prolong the lifetime of the network.
Abstract-Higher education globalization has become a common trends, the foreign student education in China is also rapid development. Cultivation of high-level foreign students graduate quantity and quality, and has become a measure of the important symbol of the levels of running a university. Exploring study graduate training mode and management methods, it has the important theory significance and the practical application. The teaching management is the focus of the foreign graduate student education, this article from the course system, teaching staff, supervision mechanism and training graduate study in scientific research ability and creative spirit of four aspects, this paper introduces the study of graduate student training in exploration and practice experience and achievements.
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