Abstract. Subgroup-specific peptide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays from the G-protein of the ovine and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), respectively, were used to determine the prevalence of the ovine and bovine subgroup strains of RSV infections in cattle. A total of 1,102 bovine serum samples were obtained from 6 diagnostic laboratories located in the northwestern and the southeastern USA and were tested for antibody to either the bovine or ovine subgroups of RSV. Antibody to viruses from each subgroup was present in samples from each region and all states tested. The Southeast had a higher prevalence of the bovine subgroup strains (69.5%). Then did the Northwest (40.9%). The prevalence of the ovine strain was similar for the two regions (16.7% in the southeast, 14.9% in the northwest). The overall prevalence was 56.6% for the bovine strain and 15.9% for the ovine strain. These results suggest members of the ovine subgroup of RSV circulate in the cattle population but with less frequency than those viruses of the bovine subgroup.Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract disease in human infants and calves. [3][4][5]7,8,11 Human RSV (HRSV) strains have been divided into 2 major subgroups (A and B) based on their reactions with monoclonal antibodies. 1 The Gglycoprotein from an ovine RSV (ORSV) strain has been cloned and sequenced, and G-protein base sequence comparisons with a bovine RSV (BRSV) strain supports the existence of 2 subgroups of an ungulate RSV. 3,19 Results of an RNase protection assay also support the conclusion that 2 ruminant RSV subgroups exist, 1 representing BRSV and 1 representing ORSV isolates. 2 The bovine and caprine isolates tested were closely related based on G-glycoprotein nucleotide sequences suggesting that bovine and caprine RSV may belong to the same unique subgroup and distinct from the subgroup represented by an ovine RSV. 11 Ruminant RSV isolates include BRSV, ORSV, and caprine RSV. These viruses are members of the genus Pneumovirus in the family Paramyxoviridae and are enveloped, single-stranded, nonsegmented, negativesense RNA viruses. 20 The RNA contains 10 genes that are transcribed to 10 unique mRNAs, each of which encodes a unique protein. 4,[10][11][12] The fusion (F) protein is broadly cross-reactive among strains, whereas the attachment protein G has been the most variable among viral strains. 11,20 Considerable progress has been made concerning the nature of interspecies transmission of RSV
We investigated the stability of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in plasma after freezing for different lengths of time. The plasma ACTH concentrations of 12 horses were measured on day 0 (baseline) and over time, after stimulation with thyrotropin-releasing hormone. Samples were stored at −80°C for 3, 7, 30, 60, and 90 d, or at −20°C for 3, 7, 30, and 60 d, or between ice packs at −20°C for 3 and 7 d prior to determination of ACTH concentration. ACTH concentrations were compared to baseline (non-frozen day 0 plasma) for each storage method using a mixed model with repeated measures in which each horse served as its own control and day was the repeated effect. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05, and 0.05 < p < 0.10 was considered a trend. Plasma ACTH frozen at −20°C or at −80°C resulted in degradation of ACTH compared to baseline samples at 60 and 90 d respectively. There was no degradation of ACTH after 7 d when stored between ice packs, or before 30 d at −20°C, or before 60 d at −80°C.
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