Effects of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction and Prascend (pergolide tablets) treatment on endocrine and immune function in horses

Miller, Ashton B.; Loynachan, Alan T.; Bush, Heather; Hart, Kelsey A.; Barker, Virginia D.; Campana-Emard, A.G.; Grubbs, Steven T.; Adams, Amanda A.

doi:10.1016/j.domaniend.2020.106531

Cited by 19 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…It is also possible in the case reported here that the immunomodulatory effects of the previously prescribed medications, such as altrenogest ( 42 , 43 ) and quercetin (a component of Platinum Skin and Allergy) ( 44 , 45 ), had an impact on susceptibility to infection; in particular, there is some evidence that flavonoids, such as quercetin, can induce a regulatory immune response, which has the potential to allow for the persistence of pathogen ( 46 ). Finally, the horse in this case report had been diagnosed with PPID, a common endocrine disease of older horses associated with immune suppression ( 47 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Report: Nuchal Bursitis Associated With Borrelia burgdorferi Infection in a Horse

et al. 2021

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Cases of cranial nuchal bursitis associated with Borrelia burgdorferi infection have not been thoroughly described. Here, we describe the case of a 17-year-old mare that was presented for low head carriage, dull demeanor, and resistance to haltering. Imaging supported a diagnosis of nuchal bursitis, and bursoscopy with surgical debridement of the nuchal bursa was performed. B. burgdorferi was identified by molecular diagnostics in serial samples of the bursal fluid, with no other organisms identified. Serology revealed significant elevation in antibodies directed against OspA of B. burgdorferi, but not the typical infection markers, OspC and OspF. Intravenous ceftiofur was administered for 80 days, and the nuchal bursa was directly injected with ceftiofur. The mare recovered and was able to return to work with no recrudescence of clinical signs over the following year to date. Infection with B. burgdorferi should be considered as a differential in cases of septic nuchal bursitis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Report: Nuchal Bursitis Associated With Borrelia burgdorferi Infection in a Horse

et al. 2021

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“…However, unlike the significant time effects seen in the analyses of whole blood gene expression, the observed changes were not primarily observed at the time points immediately before and after transport. Thus, these changes may indicate early activation of the stress response, potentially during the handling process (i.e., 15-min pre-transport), effects of transport stress that extended beyond the 21 days in which post-transport immune function was assessed in this study, seasonal changes in immune function, or elevated baseline values (due to an unknown reason) with the remaining time points reflecting normal immune responses, as well as a combination of one or more of these potential explanations [ 21 ]. Though it is not possible to determine a cause based on this study alone, the changes in the percentage and MFI of IFNγ + and TNFα + lymphocytes in response to stimulation may not be adequately explained solely by the effects of transport stress, suggesting that there may be other factors that also contributed to the observed results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Serum was separated by centrifugation and frozen at –20°C. The serum samples were then sent to Cornell University’s Animal Health Diagnostic Center for analysis of total cortisol by chemiluminescent assay [ 21 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whole blood was collected directly into Tempus ™ Blood RNA tubes at all eight time points and frozen at –20°C until processed according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. Isolated RNA was reverse-transcribed, and gene expression of IFNγ, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12α, IL-17α, serum amyloid A (SAA) 1, and TNFα was analyzed via RT-PCR as previously described [ 21 – 24 ]. Relative quantities (RQs) were calculated using the 2 -ΔΔCt method, and the average of all horses’ Day –21 ΔCt values was used as the calibrator for each respective measure [ 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For analysis of the PBMC flow cytometry data, the stimulated samples (PMA/ionomycin) were analyzed as described earlier (PROC MIXED) using change score methodology. The change (Δ) between the media (unstimulated) and stimulated samples was calculated and analyzed with the media values included as a covariate; these results are reported with the Δ symbol [ 21 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Short-term transport stress and supplementation alter immune function in aged horses

Miller

Harris²,

Barker

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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Long-distance transport is associated with stress-related changes in equine immune function, and shipping-associated illnesses are often reported. Horses are frequently transported short distances, yet the effects of short-term transport on immune function remain largely unknown. Twelve horses, aged 15–30 yr, were assigned to either the control (n = 6) or treatment (n = 6) groups; treatment horses received a daily antioxidant supplement 3 weeks before and after transport. All horses were transported for approximately 1.5–2 hr on Day 0. Blood was collected via jugular venipuncture at 15-min pre- and post-transport and on Days –21, 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21. Body temperature, heart rate, body weight, total cortisol, and gene expression of IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12α, IL-17α, SAA1, and TNFα in whole blood were measured. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated, stimulated with PMA/ionomycin, and stained for IFNγ and TNFα before analysis via flow cytometry. Statistical analyses were performed with significance set at P < 0.05 (SAS 9.4). Transport and supplementation did not appear to affect body weight, heart rate, IL-4, IL-8, IL-12α, IL-17α, change (Δ) in the % and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of IFNγ+ lymphocytes after stimulation, or Δ in the % and MFI of TNFα+ lymphocytes after stimulation. Supplementation decreased IL-1β and SAA1 expression. Transport increased total cortisol concentration, body temperature, and IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10 expression but decreased IL-1β, TNFα, and IFNγ expression. Short-term transportation affected physiological, endocrine, and immune responses; supplementation may ameliorate inflammation in aged horses. Immune responses were most altered at 15-min post-transport and typically recovered by Day 1, suggesting that horses may be vulnerable to disease during and almost immediately after short-term transport.

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Ocular Manifestations of Systemic Disease

Stewart¹,

Wotman²,

Martabano³

et al. 2022

Equine Ophthalmology

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Effects of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction and Prascend (pergolide tablets) treatment on endocrine and immune function in horses

Cited by 19 publications

References 37 publications

Case Report: Nuchal Bursitis Associated With Borrelia burgdorferi Infection in a Horse

Case Report: Nuchal Bursitis Associated With Borrelia burgdorferi Infection in a Horse

Short-term transport stress and supplementation alter immune function in aged horses

Ocular Manifestations of Systemic Disease

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