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This paper presents the preliminary findings of a study researching the diffusion and the adoption of online retailing in Saudi Arabia. It reports new research that identifies and explores the key issues that positively and negatively influence retailers in Saudi Arabia regarding the adoption of electronic commerce. Retailers in Saudi Arabia have been reserved in their adoption of electronically delivered aspects of their business. Despite the fact that Saudi Arabia has the largest and fastest growth of ICT marketplaces in the Arab region, ecommerce activities are not progressing at the same speed. Only a tiny number of Saudi commercial organizations, mostly medium and large companies from the manufacturing sector, are involved in e-commerce implementation. Based on qualitative data, collected by conducting interviews with a sample population of retail sector decision makers in Saudi Arabia, both positive and negative issues influencing retailer adoption of electronic retailing systems in Saudi Arabia are identified. A number of impediments which include cultural, business and technical issues were reported. Facilitating factors include access to educational programs and awareness building of e-commerce, government support and assistance for ecommerce, trustworthy and secure online payment options, developing strong ICT infrastructure, and provision of sample e-commerce software to trial. While literature reveals that government promotion has had limited effects on the diffusion of e-commerce in most countries, this study significantly indicates government promotion and support as a key driver to online retailing in KSA.

is currently lecturing in multimedia in the School of Information Technology, a background of 10 years experience in the design and development of educational multimedia has precipitated a strong research interest in the application of technology to improve the quality of teaching and learning. Steve Drew has taught in the Information and Communication Technology area for 20 years. Completing action research into engaging students with learning about information systems and a project to embed peer observation of teaching in science, engineering, environment and technology schools has seen him move full time into the academic development arena.

Often referred as Government to Citizen (G2C) egovernment services, many governments around the world are developing and utilizing ICT technologies to provide information and services to their citizens. In Saudi Arabia (KSA) egovernment projects have been identified as one of the top government priority areas. However, the adoption of egovernment is facing many challenges and barriers including technological, cultural, organizational which must be considered and treated carefully. This paper explores the key factors of user adoption of e-government services through empirical evidence gathered by survey of 460 Saudi citizens including IT department employees from different public sectors. Based on the analysis of data collected the researchers were able to identify some of the important barriers and challenges from these different perspectives. As a result, this study has generated a list of possible recommendations for the public sector and policymakers to move towards successful adoption of e-government services in Saudi Arabia.

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<p>Mobile learning (m-learning) is one of the most critical technological environment of distance learning in higher education institutes. The m-learning provides a widespread access to mobile devices networks and the possibility to learn regardless of time and place, unlike other learning services that depend on the location of the user. The research objectives of this study is investigate and determine the possibility of acceptance in m-Learning and examine the main factors that affect using m-Learning in higher education students in Saudi Arabia. The method tool is quantitative approach using questionnaire method to collect around 400 participants of universities students who are study in e-learning system in various collages in the universities. The survey was distributed electronically via self-selected and social network channels.</p><p>The study is applied Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) framework. The framework focuses to determine the factors that influence the students’ intention to use M-Learning via smart mobile devices. The numbers of distance learning in some Saudi universities are increased gradually in the last five years. Also, the Saudi electronic university in Saudi Arabic has been established 2011.</p>The smart phone devices are one of popular usage in Saudi audience and eMarketer reports, it was reached around 73% of publication of internet user to in Saudi Arabia and third global country for using the smartphone depending on the number of population. It is beneficial to determine the factor that influencing to accept of M-Learning in education field generally and in higher education in particular.

Background: Limited empirical evidence exists for hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment-asprevention. The Surveillance and Treatment of Prisoners with hepatitis C (SToP-C) study assessed HCV treatment-as-prevention in four Australian prisons.Methods: SToP-C is a non-randomised trial, including a pre/post analysis within a prospective longitudinal cohort of people incarcerated in two maximum-(male) and two medium-security prisons (one male, one female). All prison inmates at least 18 years were eligible for enrolment.Participants were enrolled from late-2014 to 2019. Following HCV testing, participants were monitored for risk behaviors and HCV, among three sub-populations: 1) uninfected (HCV antibody negative); 2) previously infected (HCV antibody positive, HCV RNA negative); 3) infected (HCV antibody and HCV RNA positive). Uninfected and previously infected (at-risk) participants were followed every 3-6 months for HCV primary infection and re-infection, respectively. Infected participants were assessed for treatment, initially standard of care treatment (by prison health services), followed by direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment scale-up from mid-2017 (12 weeks sofosbuvir/velpatasvir, through SToP-C). Participants were followed until study closure in November 2019. The primary study outcome was HCV incidence compared between pre-and post-treatment scale-up periods among participants at risk of HCV primary infection or re-infection. The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT02064049) Findings: Of 3,691 participants enrolled, 719 (19%) had detectable HCV RNA and 2,965 were at-risk of primary infection (n=2,240) or re-infection (n=725) at baseline. DAA treatment was initiated in 349/499 eligible participants during the treatment scale-up period. Among at-risk population with longitudinal follow-up (n=1,643; median age 33 years; 82% male), 31% reported injecting drug use in prison. HCV incidence declined by 48%, from 8.31 to 4.35/100 person-years between pre-and post-treatment scale-up periods [Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR): 4 0.52, 95%CI: 0.36, 0.78]. Incidence of primary infection declined from 6.64 to 2.85/100 personyears (IRR: 0.43, 95%CI: 0.25, 0.74), while incidence of re-infection declined from 12.36 to 7.27/100 person-years (IRR: 0.59, 95%CI: 0.35, 1.00). Among participants reporting injecting drug use in the current imprisonment, incidence of primary infection declined from 39.08 to 14.03/100 person-years (IRR: 0.36, 95%CI: 0.16, 0.80), and incidence of re-infection declined from 15.26 to 9.34/100 person-years (IRR: 0.61, 95%CI: 0.34, 1.09). Adjusted analysis indicated a significant reduction in HCV risk between pre-and post-treatment scale-up periods (adjusted Hazard Ratio: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.33, 0.76).Interpretation: DAA treatment scale-up was associated with reduced HCV incidence in prison, indicative of HCV treatment-as-prevention. The findings support broad DAA treatment scale-up among incarcerated populations.