Nephrotic Syndrome (NS) is one of the most frequent glomerular diseases in children marked with proteinuria, hypoalbuminaemia, and edema with or without hypercholesterolemia. Approximately there are six cases of NS per year every 100.000 child aged less than 14 years old in Indonesia with ratio between males and females 2:1. Based on therapy, NS is categorized into Steroid Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome (SSNS) and Steroid Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome (SRNS). This study aimed to obtain the relationship between clinical and laboratory aspects with NS type in children. This was a retrospective analytical study conducted by using SSNS and SRNS patient data of the medical record in Department of Pediatric Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado. Daya were categorized into identity, age, blood pressure, proteinuria, hematuria, as well as albumin and cholesterol levels. The results showed that there were 29 SN patients (18 patients of SSNS and 11 patients of SRNS) consisted of 17 males (59%) and 12 females (41%). The statistical analysis showed that there was no significant correlation among sex (p=0.064), age (p=0.064), edema (p=0.138), systolic pressure (0.283), diastolic pressure (p=0.701), proteinuria (p=0.999), hematuria (p=0.060), albumin (p=0.175), and cholesterol (p=0.814) in both of SSNS and SRNS patients. Conclusion: There was no relationship between sex, age, blood pressure, proteinuria, hematuria, albumin, and cholesterol related to SSNS and SRNS. Keywords: nephrotic syndrome, proteinuria, SSNS, SRNS Abstrak: Sindrom nefrotik (SN) adalah salah satu penyakit glomerulus yang sering ditemukan pada anak, yang ditandai dengan proteinuria, hipoalbuminemia, dan edema dengan atau tanpa hiperkolesterolemia. Diperkirakan enam kasus per tahun tiap 100.000 anak kurang dari 14 tahun di Indonesia dengan perbandingan antara laki-laki dan perempuan 2:1. Sindrom nefrotik berdasarkan respon terapinya terbagi menjadi sindrom nefrotik sensitif steroid (SNSS) dan sindrom nefrotik resisten steroid (SNRS). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan aspek klinis dan laboratorium dengan tipe SN pada anak. Jenis penelitian ini analitik retrospektif pada pasien SNSS dan SNRS berdasarkan data rekam medik di Bagian Ilmu Kesehatan Anak RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Data dikumpulkan meliputi identitas, usia, tekanan darah, proteinuria, edema, hematuria, hematuria, serta kadar albumin dan kolesterol. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan 29 pasien SN terdiri dari 18 pasien SNSS dan 11 pasien SNRS. Laki-laki sebanyak 17 kasus (59%) dan perempuan 12 kasus (41%). Tidak didapatkan hubungan pada jenis kelamin (p=0,064), usia (p=0,064), edema (p=0,138), tekanan darah sistolik (p=0,283), tekanan darah diastolik (p=0,701), proteinuria (p=0,999), hematuria (p=0,060), albumin (p=0,175), kolesterol (p=0,814) pada kedua kelompok. Simpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan antara jenis kelamin, usia, tekanan darah, proteinuria, hematuria albumin dan kolesterol dengan SNSS dan SNRS.Kata kunci: sindrom nefrotik, proteinuria, SNSS, SNRS.
In Indonesia, the infant mortality rate (IMR) is 41.4 per 1.000 live births. It is projected that the rate will be 18 per 1.000 live births in 2025. One of the efforts to decrease the IMR is prevention of the occurrence of cerebral hemorrhage in newborns. This hemorrhage is caused by coagulation disorders due to a deficiency of vitamin K. Vitamin K injection is essential for newborns to prevent this hemorrhage. This was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design that was conducted by using questionnaires. Respondents were taken from 15 community health centers in Manado. The results showed that of the 102 birth aattendants: 60.8% had good knowledge; 69.6% thought that vitamin K prophylaxis should be administered to all newborn babies; 57.8% agreed that this prophylaxis should be administered after birth; 64.7% thought that vitamin K prophylaxis could prevent cerebral hemorrhage of the newborns; 78.4% agreed that vitamin K was available at the community health centers; 56.9% knew that vitamin K prophylaxis did not cause any harmful side effects; 87.3% gave vitamin K prophylaxis to the newborns; 85.3% administered vitamin K to the newbornss immediately after birth; and 89.2% provided community health centers with vitamin K. Conclusion: In this study, most of the birth attendants had good knowledge, administered vitamin K prophylaxis to the newborns, and provided the health community centers with vitamin K.Keywords: cerebral hemorrhage, vitamin K prophylaxis, birth attendantsAbstrak: Indonesia sebagai negara sedang berkembang mempunyai angka kematian bayi (AKB) 41,4 per 1.000 kelahiran hidup yang diproyeksikan menjadi 18 per 1.000 kelahiran hidup pada tahun 2025. Salah satu upaya menurukan AKB ialah dengan mencegah terjadinya perdarahan otak pada bayi baru lahir. Perdarahan ini diakibatkan gangguan proses koagulasi oleh kekurangan vitamin K. Pemberian injeksi vitamin K sangat penting pada bayi baru lahir untuk mencegah perdarahan otak tersebut. Penelitian bersifat deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang dan menggunakan kuesioner yang dibagikan pada tenaga penolong persalinan di 15 puskesmas Kota Manado. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa dari 102 tenaga penolong : 60,8% mempunyai tingkat pengetahuan tergolong baik; 69,6% berpendapat bahwa profilaksis vitamin K harus diberikan pada semua bayi baru lahir; 57,8% setuju profilaksis vitamin K bermanfaat untuk mencegah perdarahan bayi baru lahir; 78,4% setuju ketersediaan vitamin K di Puskesmas/Pondok bersalin; 56,9% berpendapat bahwa tidak ada efek samping berbahaya untuk profilaksis vitamin K; 87,3% tenaga kesehatan memberikan profilaksis vitamin K; 85,3% tenaga kesehatan memberikan vitamin K segera setelah lahir; dan 89,2% tenaga kesehatan menyediakan vitamin K di puskesmas/pondok bersalin. Simpulan: Sebagian besar tenaga penolong persalinan pada 15 puskesmas di kota Manado mempunyai tingkat pengetahuan tergolong baik, memberikan profilaksis vitamin K, dan menyediakan vitamin K di puskesmas atau pondok bersalin.Kata kunci: perdarahan serebral, profilaksis vitamin K, tenaga penolong persalinan
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