No abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of net energy levels on the lipid profile of adipose tissue and muscle of swines. A total of 90 animals, with initial weight of 71.94±4.43kg, were used, and distributed in a randomized block design in five net energy levels (2,300, 2,425, 2,550, 2,675, and 2,800Kcal kg-1 feed), with nine replicates and two animals per experimental unit. Lipid profiles of adipose tissue and muscle were analyzed using gas chromatography. Increasing the levels of net energy using soybean oil, improved the lipid profile of adipose tissue and muscle, increased linearly (P<0.05) the concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially linoleic and α-linolenic acid, reduced linearly (P<0.05) the monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids and omega 6: omega 3. In adipose tissue was observed linear reduction (P<0.05) of atherogenic and thrombogenic indexes. In conclusion, increasing the level of net energy of the diet using soybean oil improved the lipid profile of adipose tissue and muscle.

RESUMO Conduziu-se este estudo com o objetivo de avaliar níveis de energia líquida na dieta de suínos machos castrados em terminação. Foram utilizados 100 suínos, com peso inicial de INTRODUÇÃOA alimentação é o fator de maior custo na produção suinícola e a energia é o componente nutricional responsável pela maior parte deste custo (NOBLET, 1996). O conteúdo energético das rações é um dos componentes nutricionais mais relevantes para o desempenho de suínos na fase de terminação. Portanto, é importante caracterizar o conteúdo energético das dietas e buscar a eficiência na nutrição de suínos, aliando ganhos biológicos e econômicos.Existem diferentes sistemas disponíveis para a caracterização da energia dietética, sendo os mais comuns a energia digestível e metabolizável (ROSTAGNO et al., 2007). Contudo são antigos e incompletos, já que descrevem parcialmente o aproveitamento da energia da dieta pelos suínos. Aliado a isso está o fato de que o constante melhoramento genético dos suínos leva ao aumento das exigências proteicas e energéticas dos animais. Com isso, tornase necessário reavaliar constantemente as exigências nutricionais e as necessidades energéticas dos suínos.A energia líquida tem sido proposta como um sistema mais completo e que descreve de forma mais precisa o conteúdo energético real da dieta, quando comparado aos sistemas de energia digestível e metabolizável (NOBLET & VAN MILGEN, 2004). A energia líquida permite uma estimativa mais acurada dos efeitos da dieta no desempenho dos suínos (MOEHN et al., 2005), pois considera as diferenças de metabolização dos nutrientes (NOBLET, 1996).

Full-length research article Recent genetic advances have enabled the breeding of pigs with a high capacity for lean tissue deposition, albeit resulting in changes in dietary phosphorus requirements due to variations in the carcass muscle-to-fat ratio. However, metabolism, tissue synthesis, and feed intake differ considerably between growth stages, thereby also changing the pattern of dietary requirements of pigs during their growth stages (Kornegay and Harper, 1997). Thus, because dietary requirements change, the dietary content of digestible phosphorus for swine must be constantly adjusted, and over the years, research studies Non-ruminants

The objective of this study was to evaluate sequential metabolizable energy (ME) plans, maintaining the lysine: calorie ratio for piglets from 7 to 30 kg. Forty eight female piglets with initial weight of 6.9 ± 1.2 kg and final weight of 30.5 ± 3.8 kg were randomly allocated in a randomized complete blocks design to three nutritional plans with eight replicates and two animals per experimental unit. Sequential plans provided four ME levels: plan 1: 3,300-3,250-3,200-3,150 kcal ME kg-1, plan 2: 3,400-3,350-3,300-3,250 kcal ME kg-1, and plan 3: 3,500-3,450-3,400-3,350 kcal ME kg-1 of feed, from 7 to 10 kg, 10 to 15 kg, 15 to 20 kg and 20 to 30 kg, respectively. From 7 to 10 kg, there was no effect (P>0.05) of the nutritional plans in the evaluated variables. From 7 to 15 kg, a higher (P<0.05) energy intake and weight gain and a better (P < 0.05) feed conversion was observed in animals fed with nutritional plans 2 and 3. Nutritional plans 2 and 3 resulted in higher (P<0.05) final weight, feed intake, energy intake, digestible lysine intake, weight gain, and better feed conversion in the 7 to 20 kg, 7 to 25 kg and 7 to 30 kg. It is recommended the sequential plan containing 3,400-3,350-3,300-3,250 kcal ME kg-1 of feed from 7 to 10 kg, from 10 to 15 kg, 15 to 20 kg, and from 20 to 30 kg; respectively, equivalent to levels of 2,546-2,513-2,501-2,475 kcal net energy (NE) kg-1 of feed for piglets.

No abstract

Propriedades da carne e perfil de ácidos graxos do pernil de catetos (Tayassu

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of ractopamine concentrations on swine fat and meat lipid profiles. Ninety finishing barrows, initially weighing 71.9±4.4kg, were distributed in a randomized block design in three ractopamine concentrations (0, 10 and 20ppm) with fifteen replicates of two animals in each. Gas chromatography was used to analyze the lipid profiles of backfat and meat. The inclusion of ractopamine in the diet changed (P<0.05) α-linolenic acid and eicosatrienoic acid concentrations in the backfat but did not affect (P>0.05) any of the other fatty acids or indexes evaluated. In the meat, a significant effect (P<0.05) was observed on nine fatty acids evaluated, with a decrease (P<0.05) in lauric, myristic, and palmitic fatty acids, and an increase (P<0.05) in linoleic, γ-linolenic, dihomo-γ-linolenic, and eicosapentaenoic acid. Ractopamine also affected (P<0.05) the concentration of α-linolenic and arachidonic acid in the meat (P<0.05). The indexes evaluated were also affected (P<0.05). Addition of 10ppm decreased the saturated fatty acid concentration, atherogenic index, thrombogenic index and omega 6: omega 3, while it increased unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids concentrations. Ractopamine addition had less effect on the backfat than on the meat, and the 10ppm level improved the meat lipid profile.