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IntroductionIn most traditions of spatial planning in Europe, planning policy documents involve a symbolic representation of the territory in the form of icons, diagrams, and maps. Cartographic visualisation, or the conceptualisation of the territory, is an integral part of spatial planning. Drawn images are used to support verbal statements of policies, or they directly express policies (Faludi, 1996). There are examples of cartographic visualisations, notably the metaphor of the`Blue Banana' (RECLUS, 1989), that have been very successful in raising awareness and understanding about complex spatial development trends.However, there are significant national and regional differences in the use of cartographic visualisations in strategic spatial planning in European countries, which can cause problems in multilateral strategic spatial planning processes, where different planning cultures come together to discuss policy options for a transnational territory (Zonneveld, 2000).This paper is concerned with these differences in visualising spatial policy in European countries in the context of European spatial development. First, the types, roles, and functions of cartographic visualisations in strategic spatial planning are discussed, with particular attention given to the emerging European agenda on spatial planning. The second part of the paper investigates the differences in visualisation in regional planning in two European countries, England and Germany, in order to uncover some of the main differences in planning traditions in representing spatial policies. The regional spatial strategies are analysed according to two main issues: the interdependence between written text and visual representation of spatial policies
In Dutch planning, there has always been an important role for spatial concepts. Their role has arguably changed with the recent decentralisation of planning to the regional and local level. At the national level, guiding concepts of a more procedural nature have replaced the more substantive and place-based spatial concepts, leaving more room for regional and local interpretation. At the regional and local level, spatial concepts are still in use, but this seems to be in a more communicative, negotiating and developing role than before. In this paper, we analyse how place concepts are used to exercise power, mobilize resources and frame meaning over the use of the peri-urban areas, in the changing Dutch planning context. This paper focuses on two competing place concepts for overlapping green urban fringe areas in The Hague Region, which have been promoted by different actor constellations and which represent different visions about the meaning of these peri-urban areas. The case study allows conclusions about the changing role of spatial concepts in Dutch spatial planning.
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